Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania

The Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (Polish: Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego i Litwy, SDKPiL ), until 1900 only Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland ( Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego, SDKP ) was from 1893 to 1918 a socialist party in what was then the Russian Empire that part of Poland ( Weichselland ). It differed from the simultaneously existing Polish Socialist Party through their consistently internationalist orientation.

The SDKP was founded in 1893 by Rosa Luxembourg, Leo Jogiches and Julian Marchlewskistraße. Unlike the PPS that fought for Socialism in an independent nation state of Poland, the founder of the SDKP were convinced that the pursuit of national independence was hopeless, as long as non-controlling in the poles of neighboring countries, in particular the actual Russia, the revolution broke out. The existence of nation-states was not necessary or desirable for the SDKP. Therefore, she worked closely with the Russian socialists. PPS and SDKP competed for dominance within the Polish workers' movement. Both were members of the Second International. In line with its deliberately not Polish- national orientation they worked to bring about an integration of Jewish workers. So she stood in competition for their support with the 1897 founded, pure - Jewish General Jewish Labour Union of Lithuania, Poland and Russia ( "covenant "). Just as the creation of a pure - Polish national state the SDKP rejected the Zionist idea of ​​emigration of Jews to Palestine. However, since the federal government was not aligned Zionist, the ratio of the two parties remained relatively relaxed. Even German -speaking and -born socialists in the field of Russian Poland were mainly in the SDKP because they could not identify with the Polish- national alignment of the PPS. In 1898, the tsarist secret police smashed the SDKP largely. This was subsequently tried by a reconstruction, where she was active mainly in Vilna and Bialystok and accordingly its name in 1900 in Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania ( SDKPiL ) changed.

The late founder of the Soviet secret police, the Cheka, Feliks Dzierżyński, began his political activities in 1903 at the SDKPiL and was in the following years one of its leading activists.