Social psychology

Social psychology is a branch of psychology and sociology that explores the impact of actual or imagined presence of other people on the experience and behavior of the individual ( Gordon Allport 1968).

Two fundamental axioms of social psychology are:

  • 5.1 associations

History of Social Psychology

There can be two different strands of development in social psychology identified:

  • The sociological social psychology, which has been mainly developed in Europe as a branch of sociology and
  • The psychological social psychology, which was developed in the U.S. and has established itself in Europe.

The difference between the two approaches is that the sociological social psychology aligns more on group processes, while the psychological social psychology more focused on the individual.

The sociological social psychology is often operated heavy on theory and constitutes itself as humanities and social science. Such approaches are, for example, Critical Theory, which also includes psychoanalytic ideas. Among the socio-psychological working psychoanalysts include Sigmund Freud, Wilhelm Reich and Erich Fromm. Within the Frankfurt School, especially Theodor W. Adorno ( Studies on the authoritarian character ) and Herbert Marcuse to be mentioned ( Eros and Civilization ). At psychoanalysis Lacan'scher embossing close to the work of Slavoj Žižek and others.

The psychological social psychology explored in the broadest sense, the impact of social interactions on thoughts, feelings and behavior of the individual ( " to attempt to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are Influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others ", Allport, 1968). Quantitative investigation forms, especially the experiment konstantieren their self- understanding as a natural science. As the founder of modern social psychology applies Kurt Lewin.

The border between the two perspectives, however blurred by the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques increasingly in both disciplines. Recent interdisciplinary effort to lead the social and natural sciences in the so-called human sciences together, reinforce this tendency.

Research Areas

Subject areas of social psychology include

  • Social aspects of perception ( person perception, prejudice, attribution ( assumptions and conclusions about the behavior of other people ), Social cognition, etc.)
  • Social aspects of emotion, moods as a basis
  • Groups, social roles, influence, decision-making processes in groups, groupthink, conformity, group dynamics, group performance, intergroup relations, human resources management
  • Interpersonal attraction, prosocial behavior, aggression
  • Communication, Nonverbal Communication
  • Settings, stigma, discrimination and stereotypes
  • Self, self-confidence and self-concept
  • Values ​​and norms
  • Social learning and socialization
  • Consistency theories, consistency theory by Klaus Grawe

Well-known social psychologist

  • Wilhelm Wundt ( " folk psychology " )
  • William McDougall ( " Moralisation ": socialization )
  • Kurt Lewin (field theory, group dynamics)
  • Junius F. Brown ( field theory )
  • Peter Brückner (including existential ontology & Critical Theory )
  • Theodor W. Adorno (prejudice Research)
  • Gordon Allport (prejudice Research)
  • Erich Fromm ( humanistic - Marxist- Analytical Social Psychology )
  • Solomon Asch ( Asch conformity experiment )
  • Leon Festinger ( theory of social comparison processes; theory of cognitive dissonance )
  • Boris Parygin
  • Dieter Frey
  • Daniel Gilbert ( perceptual illusions )
  • Fritz Heider ( attribution theory, balance theory )
  • Carl I. Hovland ( Persuasion )
  • Muzafer Sherif ( group dynamics )
  • Stanley Milgram (obedience, Milgram experiment )
  • Elliot Aronson (cognitive dissonance, self-justification, prejudice Research)
  • Martin Irle
  • Serge Moscovici ( minority influence)
  • Henri Tajfel ( social identity theory )
  • Fritz Strack ( Social Cognition )
  • Norbert Schwarz ( Social Cognition, survey research )
  • Roy F. Baumeister
  • Robert Zajonc ( Mere exposure effect, Konfluenzmodell )
  • Albert Bandura ( Social Cognitive Learning Theory )
  • Philip Zimbardo ( Stanford Prison Experiment )
  • Alfred Lorenz
  • Hans Kilian ( Dialectical Social Psychology )
Social relation Geisteswissenschaft Jacques Lacan Social perception Altruism Outline of self Social learning (social pedagogy) William McDougall (psychologist) Field theory (psychology) Daniel Gilbert (psychologist) Roy Baumeister Alfred Lorenzer Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Integrated Authority File
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