Sodium dodecyl sulfate

• SLS
• SDS
• NLS
• Sodium dodecyl sulfate
• Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt
• Schwefelsäuredodecylester sodium salt
• Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (INCI)

Fixed, colorless, odorless

Fixed

1.1 g · cm -3 ( 20 ° C)

204-207 ° C

Soluble in water (150 g · l-1 at 20 ° C)

Risk

1290 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)

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Sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate, and SLS or SDS ( ENGL. Sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium dodecyl sulphate ), is an anionic surfactant, which is a washing-active substance, which is used as a detergent, for example, in cleaning agents. Chemically, sodium lauryl sulfate, a mono ester of sulfuric acid, consisting of a long chain (C12) alkyl group and a sulfate anion modified with a sodium cation.

Production and representation

Sodium lauryl sulfate can be obtained by esterification of dodecanol with sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid or sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization. Similarly, the addition of sulfuric acid to 1-dodecene is possible. Since the starting materials used are mostly industrial fatty alcohols which are obtained, for example, from the corresponding fats or fatty acids reductively contain most commercial products besides dodecyl also tetradecyl and Hexadecylketten in different proportions. In technical data sheets, the corresponding products are often characterized by the addition ( C12 - C16).

Properties

Sodium lauryl sulfate is considered to be allergenic and irritating to the skin, which is why its use in cosmetics is controversial. In particular, the cause of aphthous ulcers is of people with special sensitivity observed in the oral cavity by sodium lauryl sulphate - containing toothpastes. SDS however, has an antibacterial and antiviral activity. To what extent it is able to destroy HIV virus, was made as claimed, remains to be clarified.

Use

Sodium lauryl sulfate formerly served in most shampoos and shower gels as cleaning component. Today, it is replaced in these applications almost entirely by Natriumdodecylpoly (oxyethylene ) sulfate ( sodium laureth sulfate ). Sodium lauryl sulfate is used as an emulsifier in ointments and lotions and cleaning agents, particularly in hand dishwashing detergents or liquid laundry detergents.

The intensive application as a denaturant for proteins is one reason for the importance of sodium lauryl sulfate in higher concentrations in biochemistry and biotechnology. The effect on proteins based on the fact that non-covalent bonds of the proteins and so their interrupted Quaternary and tertiary structure are destroyed. It binds sodium lauryl sulfate in a ratio of approximately 1.4 grams of SDS per gram of protein. Due to the property of forming micelles, sodium lauryl sulfate -protein solutions are not dialyzable; removal of sodium lauryl sulfate is possible by extraction with organic solvents.

The sodium lauryl sulfate is used for biochemical analysis of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS -PAGE).

Proof

• Epton titration