Solidago canadensis
Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis)
The Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) is a species of the family of herbaceous in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae).
Features
The Canada goldenrod grows as a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth between 50 and 200 ( 250 ) cm. The stem leaves are lanceolate and cut in the front area. The lower leaf surface and stems densely projecting short-haired, the latter later glabrous at the base.
It forms numerous, einseitswendige, clearly stalked yellow flower heads on top of the Rispenzweige. The panicle branches are arching curved. The ray florets are hardly longer than the florets and not protrude beyond the perianth. The flowering period extends from August to October. Pollination is by flies, hoverflies and moths.
The species varies greatly. Often it is the altissima var. General soft the clans in Europe by numerous processing of the real North American species significantly from. They are therefore anthropogena as Solidago H. Scholz ined. referred to.
The Canada goldenrod can be confused with, mostly smaller, giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea ). This has to just below the inflorescence a bare stem, while the Canada goldenrod is hairy at the latest from the region of the first leaves.
Occurrence
The Canada goldenrod native to North America and has come before 1648 to Paris. Solidago canadensis var altissima be traced back to 1644 in Europe.
More widespread in the gardens was the way until the 19th century. Since that time, she also acts as a neophyte in Europe. It will continue cultivated as an ornamental plant and bee pasture.
In large colonies, it grows on fallow fields and railway facilities. It is a ruderal plant, the preferred location of debris, shocks and banks, but also waters edges and riparian forests. In particular, it grows on deep sand, clay and loam soils. The naturalized plant is now found throughout Europe to heights of over 1,200 meters.
Canada goldenrod as invasive neophyte
The Canada goldenrod is classified as invasive ( = problematic ) neophyte, as the ornamental plant grew strong by the savagery has a large environmental impact. It spreads on dry grasslands and fallow areas, such as along railway lines, strong. In Europe, Canada goldenrod has no natural enemies, while in her native North America to feed about 290 species of insect pests her.
In warmer regions, eg in arable vineyards or Magerrasen the dominance stocks of the neophyte influence the course of succession and thus displace the native light- loving plants. Especially plants with a very narrow range of variation site are threatened. It follows the threat of animal species that require these plants as food. On the other hand, the Canadian Goldenrod serves as food for those animals that have adapted to their presence. They spread by seed, goldenrod species can produce up to 19,000 seeds per stem. The displacement potential of the Canadian Goldenrod is also expressed by underground runners, conquering large areas.
The distribution of the Canadian goldenrod thus speeding up the species change significantly. The establishment of this widespread neophytes is made possible by pre-existing faults and landscape damage.
Wrongly are Goldenrod suspected of causing hay fever, presumably because of their bright, golden-yellow flowers in summer. The pollen of goldenrod are too heavy and sticky, as they could fly far from the flower. Goldenrod are mainly fertilized by birds and insects.
Use
Their main area of application in medicine is the kidney-bladder apparatus. She has a strong diuretic.
Canada goldenrod can be used as a dye plant. The entire plant can be used for dyeing. The dyed fabrics have a brown - yellow to golden, depending on the severity dressing. The average content of the dye is 0.5 to Canadian goldenrod 4 percent of the dry weight. The principal coloring matters are quercetin and astragalin. The wash and light fastness is on the same level, such as dyer 's rocket, and the category " medium" is assigned.