Speaker (politics)

The President of Parliament, Speaker of Parliament in international use ( historically also land Marshal or Marshal ) is the chairman of a parliament. Its exact role depends on the configuration of the Office in each country: while he is little more than an event manager in some countries, has to only provide the formal correctness of the parliamentary sessions, in other countries this office is considered high office to which partly also include appropriate insignia. As a rule, the Speaker shall have the house right on the parliament building, it usually is under the administration of Parliament by appropriate officials. His duties will be, depending on the country, governed by the Constitution, by law or by regulations or bylaws.

Germany

In Germany, the Bundestag President shall perform a similar task. In the parliaments of the individual federal states, there is also the President of Parliament.

In German parliament ( Bundestag, Landtag ) is the largest party the President of Parliament, the other fractions, the Vice-President.

Switzerland

In Switzerland, the two equal chambers of parliament, the Federal Assembly, the National Council and the Council of States, each have their own president. In joint meetings of the United Federal Assembly, however, the National President shall preside. He is therefore, despite only representative tasks, popularly known as the highest Swiss. The President shall be elected for one year from the middle of the Council. Cycle According bring the vice president the following year after the presidency. It has become customary that the President will be provided at intervals of the four largest groups. The Presidents lead the meetings and shall ensure compliance with the parliamentary order. Along with the Parliamentary Services and the Council offices also prepare the President 's meetings. Similar procedures also know the cantonal parliaments.

Great Britain

In the UK, the chairman of the House (House of Commons ) bears the title Speaker. He sits on a throne and traditionally has the mace, a gilded scepter, an instrument that symbolizes his authority. The Office exists in England with his long parliamentary tradition since 1258 Since the Speaker is committed to remaining neutral, it can be seen as a kind of mediator. ; they contributed to the formation of a parliamentary debate culture, thus making a case that it was common practice not personally attack their political opponents in debates, but this was done indirectly in the form of a speech that formally addressed to the Speaker. The real political power of the British speakers, however, is comparatively low. Current incumbent is John Bercow.

United States

In the U.S., the President of the House of Representatives also carries the title of Speaker. He holds the third highest office in the state after the president and vice president and would compete for the office of President in the event that both fail.

In the other chamber, the Senate, the Presidency is in the hands of the Vice President of the United States, which usually have no vote in this chamber, except in the case of a tie; then his voice is authoritative. As in the past, Democrats and Republicans sometimes actually put the same amount of Senators, the Vice President so the role tip the scales came to here. As the Vice- President shall chair each meeting not far from him a president pro tempore is (Senate President at the time ) to the side.

In the states with bicameral parliaments of the respective House of Representatives have ( or assembly called ) is also a speaker, during the presidency of the Senate is often exercised by the respective incumbent Vice Governor. He, too, is a president pro tempore to the side.

Russia

The Russian State Duma is headed by a President (Russian Председатель Государственной Думы ), which has eight deputies. The Office was created in 1994. The election of the Speaker of Parliament takes place in a crucial vote. Current owner of the Office since 2003 Boris Gryzlov of the United Russia party. Its predecessors were Ivan Rybkin (1994-1996, Agrarian Party ) and Gennady Seleznev (1996-2003, 1996-2002 KPRF, Regardless 2002-2003).

Sweden

At the top of the Swedish Parliament is the president of the Reichstag ( talman ), who is elected along with his three representatives for the whole legislature. His tasks include the appointment of a party leader to form a government with a change of government, the dismissal of members of the government by a vote of no confidence or the Prime Minister at his own request, the takeover of the Office of the Regent when the King and his deputies are prevented, and of course the planning and organization of the work of the Reichstag.