St. Martin's Church, Biberach

The Church of St. Martinus and Maria, mostly just " St. Called Martin ", is the parish church of the district town of Biberach in Baden- Württemberg. It is an interdenominational church, which is used by the Catholic and the Protestant church. Owner of the church is the Foundation Community Church Care Biberach, in the construct of a globally unique public foundation. The church is located in a central location in the old town of Biberach and is the oldest and largest church of Biberach.

  • 4.1 Brandenburg Chapel
  • 4.2 Pflummernkapelle
  • 4.3 Lady Chapel
  • 5.1 organ
  • 5.2 altars
  • 5.3 Other Features

Middle Ages

Because of St. -Martin- Patroziniums it is concluded that it was already in the 7th century a church or chapel must have been here. The location of the previous buildings is unclear, archaeological excavations to the study are pending.

About 1100, then a Romanesque church was built and replaced 1320-1370 by a Gothic three-aisled basilica. The adjoining the choir chapels and its vaulting from the 15th century. After you made style Compare it is clear that began in the period 1320-1330 with the construction of the choir. The roof beams above the choir was timbered to 1337/1338, the. Above the ship to 1365/66 There was a Gothic basilica with three naves. The Achteckpfeiler pointed arches resting on diaphragm arches. The three-eight choir is retracted, the west tower is crowned with a helmet roof with four gables. The construction was committed in its simplicity at the beginning the sober religious buildings of the mendicant orders. Well in the forties probably took the architect Heinrich Kädeli construction management. There the facade tower was added. In the 15th century, a sacristy and two side chapels were added to the chorus. The patricians Eberhard II of Brandenburg and Martin White Main instigated a society chapel, which was added in 1449 on the north side and dedicated. The municipal foreman Hans Hartmann arched 1475-1476 the chancel with a semicircular barrel with steep lunettes one. On the four keystones, the two saints church can be seen. The Beaver capstone is exhibited in the museum.

Reformation

The Reformation in Biberach culminated in a storm of images, in which, among other things, the high altar of the church was destroyed with panels of Martin Schongauer on 29 June 1531. The Roman Catholic Mass was forbidden, permitted by the Augsburg Interim of 1548 but again. Socially stood in the city Biberach at this time compared to a predominantly Protestant majorities of about 90% of a Roman Catholic nobility remaining layer of about 10%. So took advantage of Protestants and Catholics, the Church since August 13, 1548 together. This was especially true of the nave, the choir remained purely Roman Catholic. This condition was laid down by the Peace of Westphalia, which referred to the normal 1624 and still exists today. In 1584 the church was after a fire caused by lightning, severely damaged; it burnt the organ and the clock. The foreman Hans Fischer eliminated together with the Maurer Hans Kuzberger within one year of the damage. Hans Hauer tree painted a fire panel, after which the West plant received its present appearance in about.

Modern Times

Configuration

A lightning strike caused damage to the roof of the tower in 1775 and at the organ. Here, the choir organ and the Stuckzierrat were damaged. The organ builder Joseph Hoss from Ochsenhausen then built new pipe works. 1746 Gothic church inside was largely in Baroque style, was arched windows and Johannes Zick painted the ceiling fresco in the nave. It shows the story of Jesus of Nazareth from birth to the Ascension. A year later, the aisles were designed. The impressive ceiling paintings in the rococo style have, in ( Christian religions used ) nave topics that were acceptable to both denominations in the choir on the other hand - used exclusively by the Catholics - there is a Roman Catholic image program that shows as an allegory of the church, crowned by the papal tiara. Under the direction of the city architect Richard Preiser a new gallery was erected from 1880 to 1881 and purchased a new organ. With the support of both denominations, the altars, the panel paintings of saints, the ceiling frescoes, the Mount of Olives, the confessionals, the choir stalls, the vestibules, the doors, the windows, the spiral staircase, the benches and the floors were extensively reonoviert. A second Protestant sacristy was built during the renovation from 1963 to 1967 in the so-called nuns Schopf. There new windows were installed and expands the organ loft. The ceiling paintings were weathered and had to be strengthened and restored. During this time, all stucco and wall paintings were restored; the ambo and the people's altar were erected. The exterior was designed from 1985 to 1986 on the findings.

Simultaneum

The parish church of St. Martin in Biberach - also called Simultaneum - was around the years 1320 - built 1370. It was at that time already set up as independent imperial city parish church and entertained by the church care, church later shared care as a foundation for the preservation of the church. The Community Church was under care in times of Free Imperial City of the magistrate, a Board of the Free Imperial City of Biberach, who was partly responsible within its territory for the exercise of religious life. The responsibility of the magistrate remained until the loss of the kingdom of freedom exist. In various contracts that governed the legal form of the church care and church communities in the respective period, the ownership of the Community Church of care at the parish church of St. Martin with the appropriate church square and its status as a legal entity was never questioned. Owner of the Parish Church according to the Land Registry, the Community Church Care Biberach. In times of the Reformation, the Simultaneum called was for the Church of St. Martin set up, after which there is an equal parity Terms and structural responsibility of the churches of both denominations for the church building and in the Protestant as well as Catholic faithful celebrated church services and mass and to date celebrate. With the Württemberg state laws in 1887 and 1889, the Community Church care of the status of an unincorporated Foundation was confirmed. In the Community Church Care is an independent foundation under public law. She has the special form of the Community Foundation (§ 31 Württembergisches law concerning representation of the Protestant churches and the management of their financial affairs of 18 June 1887). Even with the advent of the Civil Code on January 1, 1900 Biberach has held on Sumultaneum and their management by the civil community. As part of the assets excretory and severance deed in 1906, this was explicitly stated. This particular form is also by later legislation, in particular the Municipal Code, has not been effectively canceled. In the spirit of this centuries-old tradition and to the preservation and continuation of the purposes of these Community Foundation has signed a statute by the local council in Foundation matters Community Church care in agreement with the general congregations of both denominations June 25, 2012 and approved by the Government of Tübingen.

Catholic sacristy

The Catholic sacristy includes since 1720 the choir apse with three rooms on the three- eighths from closing. The non-public sacristy houses valuable sacristy cabinets, the important church treasure with a monstrance of 1612, a late Romanesque crucifix dating from around 1220 and a festive cup, which was driven in 1786 by Johann Ignaz Baur, a goldsmith of Augsburg, heard, as well as historical vestments.

Chapels

Brandenburg Chapel

The Brandenburg chapel was set up as a chapel from 1999 to 2000. The two Baroque lattice formerly stood on the sides of the central altar under the chancel arch. The crucifix from the period around 1520 is strongly reminiscent of works by Michael Zeynsler. Noteworthy are also the attendant figures of the disciple John, and the painful mother of the late 15th century.

Pflummernkapelle

This chapel was donated in 1603 by the coming from the area around Riedlingen patrician family Pflummern. Under the chapel is the tomb of the family. The framed with shell-work altarpiece, which was painted in 1621 by the city painter Dietrich Meuss from Feldkirch, is remarkable. In the chapel significant grave times and coats of arms are shown. From 1880, the chapel was like in origin, converted into a Gothic space. Its present appearance was the chapel at a renovation in the years 1963-1967

Lady chapel

In the Lady Chapel is the former Marie altar, the center of which is an accepted as a very nice early Baroque Madonna. It was made ​​around 1660 by Georg grass transmitter. The Madonna is accompanied by Saint Catherine of Siena and Dominic and created in 1730. Catherine and Dominic are worshiped popularly known as Holy Rosary.

Equipment

Organ

Even before 1484, the church must have possessed an organ, because there was a sinecure for a priest organist. 1490 an organ in the choir was present, from 1490 a new great organ was built. 1581/82 carried out a new building by Caspar Eckstein, Weil der Stadt, which is but already in 1584, destroyed by a lightning strike, which can burn the entire tower. 1590 is setting up again cornerstone of an organ. Since the Ecksteinsche organ, now renovated several times and revised, among others, Egidius Schnitzer, in 1775 once again destroyed by lightning created Joseph Hoss then 1777-1778 the main organ. 1881, then comes to a new building by the company Weigle. In 1966, the completely intact Weigle organ will be demolished. The case is presented to the Deutsches Museum, which refuses to lack of space. A portion is now in the Bavarian living room, the rest was burned. Therefore, the company workshop Reiser built in 1967 a new building, which now has 54 speaking stops on three manuals including pedal. The factory was established in 2003 comprising placed in a position newly voiced and received a new console and a few dispositional changes and new registers. The main organ has the following disposition:

  • Pairing: III / II, I / II, II / I, III / I, III 4 ' / P, I / P, II / P, III / P.
  • Accessories: Coasters system with 1024 seats on 16 levels; Crescendo roll; expression pedal; Sequencer.

Altars

  • Inside there are a total of nine altars, in the period around 1500, the church had 17 altars.
  • A choir altar was made in 1604 by Hans Dürner, the present high altar made ​​Johann Hermann Eucharius 1720, the altar was fashioned from 1746 to 1748 fundamentally in the Baroque style.
  • The Candidusaltar was erected during the period from 1768 to 1769 in the south choir chapel.

Other Equipment

  • The late- Gothic pulpit was made in 1511 by Hans Hohmann; Preacher of both denominations they use. On emergence the following words are in Latin attached: Cry aloud, spare not thee! Lift up your voice like a trumpet, and shew my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins! ( Isaiah 58.1 ). The busts of the Church Fathers, who were previously on the pulpit, fell victim to the Iconoclasm. In their place, fine -membered tracery was attached.
  • In the ceiling fresco above the pulpit of the twelve year old, teaching in the temple, Jesus is seen.
  • The copy of the Nenninger Pietà by Ignaz Günther was made by the Biberacher Christian Gloeckler, she stands in front of the Brandenburg chapel.
  • On a pillar in the nave is a group of figures with the presentation of Anne with Two Others. The sculpture was probably made around 1515 by Michael Zeynsler, in the late Gothic style. It is one of the few representations that survived the iconoclasm of 1531.
  • The standing at the entrance of the chapel Brandenburg grids were forged in 1769 by the art locksmith Johann Martin Pfann.
  • The grille in the Plummernkapelle was manufactured in the 17th century.
  • In the chancel arch there is a mounted clock the time and recalls the mortality and finitude. This is symbolized by the two-faced Chronos, which is based on the clock. Chronos looks to the right with a dark painted old face and left with a bright youthful.
  • The crucifix in the Brandenburg chapel dates from around 1520; it is reminiscent of the work of Michael Zeynsier and is very expressive.
  • In Brandenburg the chapel there are figures of St. John and a sorrowful mother of the late 15th century.
  • An Anne with Two Others may have been created in 1510 by Zeynsler; it was revised later. The figures of Mary, Jesus and Joachim have been added. The character of Anna was probably originally a Lady < / ref > Otto Beck:. Parish Church of St. Martinus and Maria Biberach an der Riss. 5th edition. Quick and Steiner, Regensburg 2006, ISBN 3-7954-4322-9 page 21
  • In the Candiduskapelle two seats of the late Gothic choir Bank are obtained in a niche.
  • In the chancel arch hangs a crucifix, he is probably from the Syrlinwerkstatt and was donated in 1510 by the then Mayor Franz von Brandenburg. He was recast in 1747 in the style of the Baroque period and in 1881 a neo-Gothic head was added. The Mannerist assistance figures are works of Hans Dürner from the period around 1609.
  • The iron lattice and the three confessionals from the late Baroque period.
  • The paintings by J. Esperlin on the walls of the nave show evangelists and apostles. They are spread across the nave and the chancel. Showing Mary, Christ, God the Father and the Apostles. In the cartridge underneath is made to the Creed reference.
  • The choir stalls made ​​of oak and walnut built in 1748 the chapel carpenter Johann Konrad Fichtel from Biberach. The design is relatively simple, some ornamental foliage leaf garlands and ornaments are seen. The back wall was provided with some inlays.
  • The statue with the representation of Christ the King in the Brandenburg chapel was made ​​in 1938 by the sculptor Georg Lesehr from Biberach.
  • On the Durchgangsgesimsen the chapels are four stucco angels.
  • On the west wall is a oil on wood paintings. The painted circa 1620 image shows a Pietà, relatives of the deceased mayor in 1584 Rollin, and two angels Passion.
  • On the opposite side there is a painting by Johann Berg Mayer, it shows the Trinity. Mountain Mayer painted it in 1717
  • In the confessional is a figure of Barbara in the Gothic Revival style.
  • On either side of the organ loft are two putti mounted with cartridges.
  • Two half-length figures of Santa Claus and Konrad are driven in silver, they were created in 1660 by a master of Augsburg with the monogram FW.
  • Franz Anton Gutwein felt from 1787 to 1789 the Sockelreliquiare for George Martin and the ceiling columns of figures of Santa Claus and the Konrad after.
  • A silversmith from Augsburg made ​​in 1769 to the baptismal for the Protestant community. It is equipped with a relief of the Good Shepherd decorated and crowned with a John figure.
  • The church treasury contains some crucifixes. Among them is the late Romanesque crucifix dating from around 1220.
  • The Passion Cross is a work of the 17th century.
  • The monstrance comes from in 1612.
  • The sun monstrance was created in the 18th century.
  • Facilities include several chalices, including 1698, 1715 and 1786.
  • A silver censer is from the 17th century.
  • The Barockreliquiare are works of the 18th century.
  • Various liturgical vestments and embroideries complete the monastery church treasures.

Worth knowing

  • In Braith - Mali museum also has the property of St. Martin is addressed as a simultaneous church in the department to the city 's history. In one case there is exhibited a Catholic and a Protestant mop bucket.
  • The Simultaneum Bauhütte eV is a sponsor organization that has set the renewal of the heating to the target and raises money for the preservation of the building.
Romanesque art Gothic art Mannerism Cartouche (design) Ornament (art)
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