Stamping (metalworking)
When punching flat parts of various materials (sheets, cardboard, textiles, etc.) are made with a press or on impact and a cutting tool. The separation method used for this is the shearing.
Description
A punching tool composed of the stamp, which represents the inner mold, and the mold having a correspondingly matching opening (eg punch ) has. The stamp may be depending on tool design both upper and the lower part of the tool. Depending on the application, the counterpart of the stamp can also be a flat surface. Then there is the upper tool part from a correspondingly shaped, closed cutting blade ( for example at a hole punch or punch ). In this case, the pad is not part of the tool.
Together Gereihtes periodic punching to cut out of sheet metal parts will be ( nibble English) as referred nibbling.
When high power punches are processes such as welding, crimping, riveting and forming integrated into special composite tools. This partly highly complex tools, it is effective to deploy and effectively protect.
The waste generated during punching are called slugs.
When cutting out of cardboard and corrugated cardboard punching tools include not only the cutting knives and creasing rules, so that cutting and creasing ( Preparing the folded edges ) take place in a single operation; In this case, the punch pad is usually provided with creasing matrix.
The stamping of non-metals was first, mainly used in the manufacture of leather goods for shoe production. Sharp sharpened spring steel bands were placed around a wooden core corresponding shape and riveted or nailed. Later, cold-rolled, polished and hardened carbon steel was used. The steel was bent pressboard stencil and then welded. Also geschmiedetete knife, especially for manufacturing the shoe sole were long used.
A little later - partly parallel - development is the steel rule die, which is now also often referred to as die. Here carbon steel strips are curved ( cutting rules ) and then into slots in the carrier plate - to be used, which are incorporated by scroll saws or by laser cutting (with glass fiber by water jet cutting machine ) - usually made of wood. They serve as fixation for the cutting lines. The spaces between the cutting lines, for example, filled with rubber material, in order to allow the ejection of the cardboard material. An example of this is the production of cardboard packaging, coasters, thermoforming articles and puzzle parts.
CNC punch
At CNC presses moves die, usually in a multiple magazine with the punch material and punches at different locations. This method is mainly used in mechanical engineering to frequently recurring openings in metals flexibly to punch ( eg. ventilation openings ). The method is used where a flexible production of series of smaller and medium quantities is required. Today, the method is used in applications where the use of a laser process is uneconomic or technically impossible.