Standing rigging

When standing rigging refers to those parts of the cordage of sailing ships or boats that serve as bracing the poles. The name is explained by the fact that these are not moved during maneuvers usually. However, there are certainly exceptions to this rule, such as backstays or additional forestays that are set as required ( and thus quite " mobile " are ). Without this bracing the poles would have to be very stiff and thus heavily built. Masts without standing rigging are therefore found practically only on small dinghies with only one sail. In contrast to the standing rigging is running rigging that is that rope, which is usually moved.

In addition to the bracing of the rig some shrouds can also serve for the attachment of sailing, such as the forestay, inner forestay days ( cutterstay s, u ) or Besanstag.

The current masts for yachts that are relatively flexible and pliable, can be about the voltage of the standing rigging " trim " - a higher bias of the shrouds and stays makes the mast stiffer, a loose rig allows more deflection.

Materials utilized

The first stage consisted of natural fibers such as hemp, sisal or coir. Later, steel cables were used, chains were used for only a few parts of the standing rigging, eg for the Bugsprietzurring who propped the bowsprit towards the bow. Standing rigging is traditionally gesmartet sailed ships sometimes up today and gekleedet to be better protected against the elements. In this case, it seems, in contrast to current Good dark brown to black.

Today's yachts typically use steel cables or rods (called Rod Rigg ) stainless steel. Modern racing yachts have been using recently, high-strength rope made ​​of synthetic fibers or rods made of CFRP.

Stage

As Stage bracing all be referred to in the longitudinal direction of the ship. On ships without backstays is meant to simplify Stag also a forestay.

The Stage in detail:

• Forestay (1) or forestay, supports a mast or topmast to the bow.
• Backstay (4) supported by the mast to the stern.
• Jumpstag with Jumpstagspreize ( the Jumpstagspreize is a spreader )
• Babystay (5): Short Stage before the mast, below the lower spreaders. Also known as cutterstay or inner forestay, called when another headsail may be set on them.
• Backstays ( 8) generally support a mast aft, in particular mostly laterally.
• Genickstag or Knickstag, connects the topping two masts or spars.
• Bobstay, the bowsprit is based down.
• Stampfstag, supports the jib boom down.

The majority of Stag is either Stage or shrouds.

Shrouds

The shrouds support a mast or topmast mainly athwartships on both sides, depending on the design but also more or less aft.

Small boats have only a Want pair, larger ships have several pairs. On deck, the shrouds are attached via so-called chain plates. They bear witness to regulate the shroud tension. In order to improve the direction of pull of the shrouds, they are spread apart by spreaders ( 3) from the mast. Apart from the supporting function can be controlled with the shrouds, the deflection of the mast ( possibly at multiple points ).

For small ships, the shrouds are called depending on the point on the mast as a top shrouds, upper shrouds ( 2), middle shrouds / Between Want and lower shrouds (6).

Webleinen are attached for climbing the mast between the shrouds On older sailing ships from the late Middle Ages. Until the 20th century, the shrouds were strung with Rigging by Juffern or Virgin, then with tightening screws. To get the largest possible angle to be supported mast, the shrouds were set-up - spread - outboard mounted horizontal boards. Obsolete there are some ships also the name Hoftaue or Hofwanten. Hoft or Hofd is linguistically related with main (in the sense of something Cardinal, Sticky, Thick, Strong ) and Want wall.

Backstays

The backstays support the spars to the sides and aft and are secured at deck level near the tailgate. They are therefore different from the shrouds, which are fixed at the level of the spreaders.

Terms

The distinction between the terms backstay, shrouds and backstay each other is particularly on ships without spars sometimes difficult, also because of parallel, heterogeneous developments. All three support a mast generally laterally and backward, the differences lie in details that are not always clear. Thus, e.g. a far back extending Wanttau on a ship as a Want, on a non- runner, on a third are called backstay.

• The terms backstay and backstay are rarely both described in detail in a source. In less detailed sources they are sometimes used as an alternative and equivalent, or backstays is specified as an old word for backstay.
• The book seamanship manual for the yachting counts Backstage with both the backstays as well as to the shrouds.
• Both backstay and backstay are translated into English with backstay.
• In various sources that describe backstays as a support for a topmast, there is no indication to the use of the term on ships without spars.
• In the lexicon of the whole technology of Lueger (1904 ) both backstay and backstay are mentioned, backstay but described a little indistinct.
• In the Etymological dictionary of the German sailor language of Goedel (1902 ), both terms are described, however, characterized by conjecture and partly contradictory to other sources

Dimensioning

The sizing is the strength of the required lines or ropes in the standing rigging, depends on the size and type of yacht. A stiff oversized rigging - ie one in which the mast is to move as little as possible - model must be thicker than an elastic rigging, with the desired stiffness usually also depends on the preferences of the skipper and can be adjusted by the turnbuckle.

According seamanship rule of thumb is that all shrouds each side of the boat to have a combined breaking strength that is at least one-third greater than the total displacement of the yacht.