State of Syria (1924–30)

The state of Syria (French État de Syrie, Arabic دولة سوريا, DMG Daulat Suriya ) was a French mandate territory, who was proclaimed as successor of the recently battered by 1920 France Kingdom of Syria.

The state was founded, by having the state Aleppo, Damascus and the State of the Alawitenstaat provided a central meeting available in 1922 initially as Syrian Federation (French Fédération Syrienne, Arabic الاتحاد السوري, DMG al -Ittihad al- Suri ). On December 1, the union of the states of Aleppo and Damascus was announced and the state of Syria proclaimed. The Alawitenstaat not joined the Etat de Syrie. The successor was Founded in 1930, Syrian Republic.

Background

After the conference of San Remo in 1919 and the defeat of King Faisal in the battle of the French General Henri Gouraud Maysalun established a civil administration in the territory of the League of Nations. This mandate region was divided into six states. Although in defining the new boundaries were the settlements of the various religious groups in Syria consideration, nevertheless particular the predominantly Sunni population of Aleppo and Damascus, was strongly opposed to the federal structure of the country.

History

In July 1922 France established a loose federation between three of these States: the State of Damascus, Aleppo and the State of the Alawitenstaat under the name Syrian Federation. The Druze state of Jebel al-Druze and the Greater Lebanon were not part of this covenant. The first and only president of this federation was Subhi Barakat Bey al - Chalidi. The autonomous Sanjak of Alexandretta in 1923 the State of Aleppo incorporated. The Federation took over a new flag (green- white-green with French Canton ), flying the flag of the State of Syria should be later.

On 1 December 1924, the Alawitenstaat of the federation broke away than the states of Aleppo and Damascus were united in the new Etat de Syrie. But the dissatisfaction with the French direct rule not ebbed. In 1925 the Druze revolt broke out Great, which was led by Druze leader Sultan Pasha al - Atrash from the Druze Mountains, which quickly spread over the whole mandate territory and became a general uprising. He was defeated in 1927 in the most brutal manner of France, besides, numerous relatives were the religious minority of Druze were massacred and executed by French soldiers.

In 1928, the opposition group the National Bloc was founded, which sought independence of Syria as well as one united with Lebanon and neighboring countries Greater Syria. 1928 also Taj Eddine el- Hasani was the (last) President of the State of Syria. On May 14, 1930 the State of Alawitenstaat Syria and the Kurdish region Djézireh was finally connected, and drafted a new constitution by Ibrahim Hananu. This was the birth of the Syrian Republic, which should exist until 1963.

Bibliography

• David Kenneth Fieldhouse: Western Imperialism in the Middle East 1914-1958, 2006.
• Sami M. Moubayed: Steel & silk: men and women who shaped Syria 1900-2000, 2006.
• Derek Hopwood: Syria 1945-1986: politics and society in 1988.