Stibine
- Antimonhydrid
- Antimontrihydrid
- Antimony hydride
- Monostiban
- Stibine
Colorless, unpleasant foul smelling gas
Gaseous
2.16 g · cm -3 (liquid, -17 ° C)
-88.5 ° C
-17 ° C.
82.8 kPa (-23 ° C)
- Slightly soluble in water
- Soluble in ethanol and carbon disulfide
0.4 · 10-30 C · m
145 kJ / mol
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Stibane ( Monostiban or antimony hydride, stibine outdated as designated ), chemical formula SbH3, is a colorless, foul-smelling and highly toxic gas that is produced during the dissolution of salt-type antimonides in water and dilute acids.
Production and representation
Stibane is obtained from soluble antimony compounds and nascent hydrogen. This results in the reaction of antimony ( III) hydroxide with nascent hydrogen stibane and water.
Another possibility is to solve Magnesiumantimonid in an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid.
However, both methods have the disadvantage that the resulting gas consists mainly of hydrogen. By cooling the gas to less than -17 ° C but it can be separated, as stibane condensed at this temperature.
A method that does not bring this disadvantage is the hydrogenation of antimony (III ) chloride in hydrochloric acid solution by means of sodium borohydride.
Properties
Physical Properties
The melting point is -88 ° C, the boiling point is -17 ° C. The Gibbs energy is 148 kJ / mol, which Standardentropie 233 J / (mol · K) and the heat capacity of 41 J / (mol · K). Stibane is a pyramidal molecule with the three hydrogen atoms on the triangular base of the pyramid and the antimony atom at the apex of the pyramid. The angle H -Sb -H amount to 91.7 °, the distance Sb -H is 1.707 Å.
Chemical Properties
The chemical properties of Stibans resemble the arsine. Typical of a Schwermetallhydrid stibane is less stable than the respective elements. At room temperature, however, the gas slowly decays very rapidly at 200 ° C. This process is autocatalytic and is explosive under certain circumstances.
With strong bases stibane can deprotonate to form antimonides.
Use
Stibane is used in the semiconductor industry for the n-doping of silicon.
Safety
Due to the high toxicity and flammability when handling stibane caution. It should be handled with protective clothing and mask, away from open flame and sparks.
Inhalation of stibane may cause coughing, nausea, sore throat and headache, fatigue, bloody urine and difficulty in breathing. It can damage the blood, liver, kidneys and the central nervous system may occur which may lead to death.
Due to the instability stibane should if possible not be stored.
Proof
Stibane can be detected with the Marsh's sample. For this purpose, stibane, mixed with hydrogen, is passed through a thin, pulled-out to a tip glass tube and flared at the end. The glass tube is heated with a Bunsen burner, forming an antimony levels in the presence of the glass tube stibane. The antimony mirror differs from an arsenic mirror by its darker color, also it is insoluble in sodium hypochlorite solution and becomes orange with polysulfide.