Știuca
Stiuca ( German Eben village, Hungarian Csukás, Ukrainian Штюка ) is a municipality in Timiş, Banat, Romania. To the municipality includes the villages Stiuca Oloşag, Zgribeşti and Dragomireşti.
Geography
Stiuca is located about 14 kilometers southeast of Lugoj, on the right bank of the opening into the Timis Stiuca creek, and close to the border with the county Caras -Severin. Access to the rail network made up of six kilometers northeast in Gavojdia on the railway line Lugoj - Caransebeş. Other neighboring municipalities are Sălbăgelu Nou in the east, in the south-southwest Dragomireşti, Petroasa Mare in the north- northwest, Honorici in Nordwestenund Oloşag in the north.
Neighboring towns
History
After the peace of Passaro joke on 21 July 1718 the Banat was connected after 164 years of Turkish rule of the Habsburg monarchy and placed under an imperial crown and chamber domain of the Vienna Imperial Government. It started the Habsburg colonization of the Banat Swabians by the so-called trains. Eben village was founded in 1786 at the end of the third great Schwabenzugs. Together with Wetschehausen (now Petroasa Mare) and crane facilities (now Darova ), the town was mostly populated by families from the German Reich. Almost a third of the settlers came from Moravia, about one-eighth of francs, and some families from Bohemia. Beginning of the 19th century, settled some Czechs and Slovaks.
Initially, the village of the Vienna Court Chamber was assumed. 1805 acquired Baron Michael von Bruck Thal half of the district. In the following century was Ebendorf private manorial families Bruckental, the Josef Zeyk de Zeykfalva, and the landlord Winterberg and bodanski. In 1894 the patronage of the lord of the Roman Catholic church was dissolved. The landlords demanded for the right of ownership over the Ansässigkeiten compensation for the farmers in the long term is heavily indebted.
As part of the Hungarian Magyarisierungsmaßnahmen the place was renamed in 1867 for the first time no longer wore the name Csukás. In the wake of the First World War, Romania received large parts of the Banat; since that time, ie the community Stiuca. An initiative to reintroduce the old German names had failed in advance. [Note 1]
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany all ethnic German conscript men were drafted into the German army. Even before the war, in January 1945, the deportation of all ethnic German women took place between 18 and 30 years and men aged 16-45 years to build labor in the Soviet Union instead. The land reform law of 23 March 1945 which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, the rural population deprived the livelihood.
Economy
The majority of the population dealt initially with agriculture, and here mainly with cereal crops (wheat, barley, oats, rye, corn ), but also with the cultivation of sunflower, soybean, clover, hemp, tobacco, linen and forage crops. Vegetables were mostly grown in home gardens, also potatoes in the fields, and fruit, especially in the vineyards that occupied a considerable part of the area of the district.
The cattle could not be operated on a larger scale due to the small pasture. In most homes, one or more dairy cows in some places horses, pigs and poultry were held. The leading into the village roads and village streets were lined with mulberry trees, which served traditional sericulture and brought in a little extra income.
End of the 18th century there were in Eben village a mill. For grinding of corn, barley and oats for fodder, the farmers had their own hand shredder. Only in the 1930s, a grist mill was established. In the resort also a distillery was operated. 1807 asked Baron von Bruckental for permission for the holding of two fairs in Eben village. 1810 King Francis I granted the privilege level village a borough. In the years that followed were two annual fairs, held respectively on 24 April and 19 September.
In 1900 operated 18 craftsmen ( masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, Wagner, shoemakers, carpenters, tailors and barbers ) in place their trade, soon even shops like the butchers, an innkeeper, two grocery stores and a grocer. The mid-1930s called the peasant association into a cooperative life, which had a modernization of farms to the destination, including the use of chemical fertilizers, the Community appearance on the market, and the joint purchase of equipment and machinery. 1944 passed in Eben village two threshing and 21 seeders, 36 corn coasters and 15 grass mower. 1958 Agricultural Production Cooperative was launched, which joined the peasants with their fields, equipment, machinery and draft animals. In the late 1950s, the village was electrified. The construction of a water tower and installation of a water supply system ensured the supply of drinking water.
Church and School
Eben village was a mixed community, which consisted of Roman Catholic and Protestant believers who each had their own church. Thus, the town took off her German, mainly Catholic neighboring communities.
1786 a school was established in Eben village. The Lutherans operated intermittently own school. The language of instruction was German. 1900, the school was nationalized, and all subjects were taught in Hungarian. 1919, the Romanian language was introduced as a subject. Since the mid- 1970s, there is also a Romanian village in Eben department with grades 5 to 8, which are visited by Ruthenian and Romanian children from the surrounding villages. In 1981 the German -language teaching in village level has been set.
Demography
The onset of emigration of the Germans in 1960 drew mainly Ruthenians from the Maramureş after; the houses were not empty for long. 1990 lived 102 Ruthenian families in the village. The entrance sign is bilingual designed ( in Romanian and Ruthenian ).