Stove

An oven is an apparatus for the controlled generation of heat, usually by combustion of wood or fossil fuels such as gas, oil or coal.

Furnaces exist in different forms and for different applications, from simple domed hearths for cooking and heating up to the large blast furnaces to produce steel of the industrial age.

• 4.1 After the technical
• 4.2 Energy Source
• 4.3 Operating time

Production

There are different types of furnaces according to the application:

• Furnaces for heat recovery ( heating, chapter Heating ) - of, furnace ' is called only for individual appliances, heating boiler
• Furnaces for power generation ( thermal power plant )
• Thermal process systems: This is one of the most important applications of furnaces only heat and power generation. 1995 38 % of Germany's industrial energy consumption caused by thermal processing plants. furnace: Blast furnaces for the production of pig iron from iron ore Crucible furnace for decarburization of iron to steel ( historical )
• Cupola furnace for the production of cast iron from pig iron and scrap.
• Arc furnace electric furnace to melt steel
• Induction furnace electric oven in order to heat or melt metals

• Brick kiln is a kiln for brick burning of used, previously often lined with limestone.

• Different types of furnaces

Heating furnace ( No. 15) in an area of ​​a Roman villa at Bad Neuenahr -Ahrweiler

Historical oven

Wood burning stove for cooking in a tent camp

Muffle furnace for mineral determination in the laboratory mill

Bread oven on a farm in France

Stove in the living room of a farm

Industrial furnaces include processes such as melting, tempering, hardening, tempering, drying and shaping of workpieces made of metal, clay, glass and plastic, manufacture of metals (melting processes and powder metallurgy), production or processing of materials for the chemical, paint, wood -, electronics, automotive and food industry, but also recycling, soil treatment, waste incineration. Germany is next to the U.S. and Japan, the main manufacturer of industrial land ( in Germany there are about 270 manufacturers of industrial ovens ).

Heat

Room oven serve as the heat source of spaces, the designs range from simple wood stove to fireplace or stoves.

After air supply

A distinction is made here between open flue or room sealed air supply. An open flue fireplace (fireplace) relates the necessary oxygen for combustion from the interior: The operation is dependent on the room air. In contrast, a balanced flue furnace with oxygen from the outside is supplied. The abbreviation for balanced flue is RLU. The terms can be found in Germany in the firing regulations ( FeuVO ).

In older buildings, the envelope of the house is designed to be relatively leaky, so that nachströmt by leaks at the windows enough fresh air for combustion. In the windproof design used today, this fresh air is no longer automatically ensured. Therefore, there are flue ovens and furnaces to which the combustion air is supplied through pipes or shafts.

After building material

• When wood stove servant (also fin furnace, swedish stove or oven Siberian ) a root timber is provided with a central bore and side air intakes. The furnace is placed standing for burning
• The tiled stove from specially shaped ceramic plates or ( in the early modern period ) more or less bowl-shaped tiles
• The mud-built clay oven.

By type of heat

• A radiation furnace ( basic stove ) heats its surroundings through the urgent outward burning heat.
• A hot-air oven emits a stream of hot air to the surroundings. This includes heaters.

Cooking

• Anagama are coming from the East Asian antiquity, lying single-chamber furnaces.
• The Brasero is a mobile oven to coal or charcoal base, which is still used in South America, for example, in Paraguay, for cooking.

Construction and operational forms

According to the technique

• Slow-burning stove
• Rotary hearth furnace
• Rotary kiln
• Continuous furnace (also belt furnace, roller hearth furnace or tunnel furnace )
• Pusher furnace
• By drawing furnace
• Drop shaft furnace
• Herdwagenofen
• Breech-loading furnace
• Walking beam furnace
• Hubherdofen
• Chamber furnace
• Cupola furnace
• Muffle furnace
• Paternoster oven
• Retort furnace
• Ringofen
• Snails oven
• Chair stove
• Pusher furnace
• Pit furnace
• RDFs
• Time fire oven

After energy source

• Furnace for solid fuels ( firewood, wood chips, wood pellets, wood sawdust, lignite briquettes, coal, paper fiber briquettes)
• Furnace for liquid fuels, such as oil, gasoline or petroleum
• A furnace for burning gases, such as natural gas, or butane
• The solar furnace uses the sun's energy by water and food is heated at the focal point of a mirror.

After operating time

• Duration fire
• Time fire

History

In Central Europe, stoves are occupied since the Neolithic Linear Pottery culture. Kilns for firing ceramics there at least since the urn field culture.

• Iron furnace, formerly of heating the iron in the Tailoring
• Iron stove
• Pocket Warmer as a portable heat source
• Tent stove for heating a tent.

Already on Goethe's time, there was firewood scarcity and organized by rulers competitions, should be invented in which fuel -saving stoves. A recent development with the best efficiency and the best use of energy of domestic wood heating is the wood gasifier (stove). A wood gasifier with controlled secondary air is able, its fuel to burn very cleanly and completely.