Stubnitz

The Stubnitz is a 2400 -acre hillside forest on the east coast of Jasmund peninsula on the Baltic Sea island of Rügen. It extends from the town of Sassnitz to the village Lohme and today is almost entirely part of the 3003 acres of the Jasmund National Park. The name Stubnitz is probably of Slavic origin, but there are in the literature a wide variety of term interpretations - of steps to country Grove with bees cellars.

Flora

Between the 12th and 14th centuries continued in the Stubnitz due to the cool - humid climate, the European beech (Fagus sylvatica) by, after more than 6000 years here dominated mixed oak forests. In this book, woods today come sporadically maple, yew, the wild service tree, elm and various wild fruit species, which in moist hollows and stream valleys also ash, sycamore and alder. The proportion of non-native trees and shrubs (eg, conifers and poplars ) is only about 10%. Especially on the higher ground, the vegetation layer over the hundreds of meters thick chalk is very thin. This is particularly evident at the escarpment of the high banks, but also where it has been damaged by human influences, such as roads and roadsides.

Below the dense tree layer have in the spring just early bloomers a chance to briefly provide the layer of soil with splashes of color (white: sorrel, white anemone, yellow: Celandine, Yellow Anemone; violet: violet, Corydalis ). In summer, sweet woodruff, onion Toothwort, brome, fescue forest, and occasionally look for nest orchid.

History

The Stubnitz subject for centuries a strong forestry use in the form of coppice management. The otherwise by human land use almost treeless Rügen supplied here with timber and firewood and charcoal burning charcoal was produced, which was sold all over the island and beyond. As a first measure against over-exploitation leading to the Stubnitz way up to four secured by barriers in access ( Rusewase, Buddenhagen, Hagen and difficulties Renz ) were closed in 1551, which were later provided with tree houses as accommodation for the forest counts. In 1586 the logging is limited in a regulation adopted by Duke Ernst Ludwig of Pommern Regulation.

In the period 1648-1815, as Rügen was dominated by Sweden, was the Stubnitz Swedish Kronwald. Their goal was a gentle forest management. Due to a royal decree in 1731, the Stubnitz fenced. A forester and several wooden guards now regulated timber extraction, where the inhabitants of Jasmund and Wittows continue tion states certain amounts of free wood. A ban on forest -damaging Hutung (except for goats) but could not be enforced. 1805 wrote the historian and geographer Rügen Johann Jacob Grümbke ( 1771-1849 ) in his book excursions through the country of Rügen on the state of Stubnitz, inter alia: "You see from this that the Grove is greatly thinned, and yet it is still presentable and in some places very dense. Only high and thick-stemmed trees I have yet seen rarely in it, most are young, are of middling stature, and age they can not be the prerogative of the above- ax ".

After Rügen became Prussian in 1815, succeeded the royal forest management increasingly the old customary rights of forest grazing and the removal of free wood severely restrict or even abolish later. In the middle of the 19th century began in the Stubnitz a chalk an increased degradation; so, for example, was the wide canyon of the Kieler Bach by a chalk quarry, which until 1893 was in operation here. When in 1926 it became known that the chalk mining should be included here again, wide protest which led to the fact that the approval was withdrawn for chalk degradation suggested.

Conservation

In the year 1929 1500 ha of the 2,500 ha of forest area were put under protection. 1935 a further protective regulation was adopted, which declared the Stubnitz a nature reserve. This reserve was added on 1 October 1990 by a 500 m wide coastal strip of the Baltic Sea and around the nature reserve created in 1986 by the Quoltitzer chalk quarries and declared a national park Jasmund. 60 % of the forest area are close to nature and therefore reported as a core zone.