Supply-chain operations reference
The Supply Chain Operations Reference - model ( SCOR) was used to describe all internal and cross-company business processes by the Supply - Chain Council (SCC ), an independent US-based non-profit organization designed. The idea to develop a standard method, which can analyze and describe all aspects of a supply chain (SC), was in early 1996 by two Boston consultancies, Pittiglio Rabin Todd & McGrath ( PRTM ) and AMR Research ( AMR), developed. First, the Supply Chain Council (SCC ) was established with 69 members at that time. So the first version of the Supply Chain Operation Reference model, which was launched for the first time on the market in autumn 1996 was born. Not least thanks to the high acceptance enjoyed the reference model in supply chain management, the SCC are now connected to the 1,000 member companies worldwide. Meanwhile, version 10.0 has been implemented that offers an improved ability to analyze simple to complex supply chain activities and improve.
The SCOR model is based on the five essential supply chain management processes and linking them with related concepts such as Business Process Reengineering ( BPR), benchmarking and best practice analysis. In addition to the five management processes distinguishes the SCOR model four levels of detail, the last is not included in the model, as it is to define company individually.
The already mentioned and relevant to the SCOR model process categories are at the top level in detail:
1 planning (plan):
- Aggregate demand and supply should be brought into line
2 Procurement ( source):
- Filters ( pre-) products and services available
3rd production ( make):
- End-/Zwischenprodukte produce that can be delivered to customers
- Make-to- stock ( stock production), make- to-order ( contract manufacturing ), Engineer -to-order ( ETO )
4 Delivery ( deliver ):
- Finished products or provide services to customers, including warehousing, order and Transport Management
5 return (return):
- Accept the return of defective products and the return of raw materials ( to the supplier ) are derived in the way
These processes take place at the highest level ( top level ) of the SCOR model expression. Here is a company defines the scope of its respective SC. That will depend on the competitiveness or competitive advantage.
At the second level, the so-called configuration level, parts of this five SCOR processes three process types are mapped. These types are:
First planning processes ( Planning)
- Processes to meet an aggregate demand within a given planning period.
Second execution processes ( Execution )
- Processes that are triggered by a planning process and change the status of a product.
3 support processes ( Enable)
- Processes, information, or relationships prepare, maintain or manage on which to base the planning and execution processes.
This combination of processes and process types gives rise to a matrix structure that represents all combinations involved process that should be handled at a SC structure between the partners involved.
Level three of the SCOR model ( design level ) describes the individually detailed sub-processes. For each subprocess, the individual process steps, the final order, as well as input and output information is presented separately. This level can be described with a flowchart, which is then described in detail.
Level four ( implementation level ) is not included in the SCOR model as it relates to the individual implementation of the system in each company. There are corresponding software solutions that are adapted to the technical requirements of the company.
To make the success of the SCOR model to measure and thus comparable, different, special metrics are defined. A crucial parameter is the cash-to -cash cycle -time. This describes the amount of time that capital is tied up on the material purchase to payment by the customer.