Symphony No. 20 (Haydn)

The symphony Hoboken directory I: 20 in C major Joseph Haydn composed 1758 / 60th

General

The Symphony No. 20 in C major composed by Joseph Haydn probably around 1758/60 during his period of employment with Count Morzin. The early work is held in the festive C major style " with drums and trumpets ." From Haydn's early symphonies also include No. 32, No. 33 and No. 37 to this type, with drums and trumpets were added to some later date.

After HC Robbins Landon these early C major symphonies stand for "big " orchestra by a rather impersonal Atmösphäre who remember the cold elegance of Baroque Austrian monasteries.

About the Music

Instrumentation: two oboes, bassoon, two horns in C, two trumpets, timpani, two violins, viola, cello, double bass. The harpsichord (provided in each orchestra present, the harpsichord probably not in the orchestra of the Esterházy Palace ) were used for amplification of the bass voice then even without special notation used. The drums and trumpets are found only in later copies and therefore were probably not originally intended.

Performance time: approximately 20 minutes (depending on pace and after complying with the required repetitions)

When used herein the terms of sonata form is considered that this scheme was designed in the first half of the 19th century (see below) and can be transferred from there to restrictions on a composed around 1760 plant. - Note that this description and structure of sentences is to be understood as a suggestion. Depending on your view, other accruals and interpretations are possible.

First movement: Allegro molto

C major, 2/4-cycle, 177 cycles

The symphony begins forte throughout the orchestra as symmetrically structured question -and-answer structure and cadential "Appendix" with trills ( bars 1 to 12, "first issue "). For the extension of a quaver movement with broken chords split off and established with a scale running motif on Syncope of the 1st violin the dominant G major. The contrasting with the previous, stormy - noisy events second theme is carried forward by the strings and piano is characterized by vast movement with a falling line. Another contrast occurred in the clock 44 with abrupt turn to G minor. The final group with tremolo and Akkordmelodik attacks the festive character of the block start up again.

The implementation modulated piano initially the head from the first theme. Then, the scale motif is in a longer Forte Passage processed ( change of key, tremolo in the bass under the upper voices ). In bar 101, the Tonikaparallele A minor is reached where the second theme makes an appearance. Then prepares Haydn with the predominant figure of the second subject over a pedal point on G the recapitulation before admission, which he still uses a short impressive minor turbidity.

The recapitulation is largely structured like the exposure. Both parts of sentences (exposition and development and recapitulation ) are repeated.

" As with many such works is the opening Allegro molto in uncustomary, actually rather usual for finals 2/4- " final stroke "; It is in shape an orderly and " predictable " than most symphonic allegro movements of Haydn. "

Second movement: Andante cantabile

G Major, 4/4-time ( alla breve ), 84 cycles

The set is kept only for strings and created three layers: The first violin carries a developing from small motifs Cantilena the melody, the second violin accompanied by continuous eighths, viola and bass pizzicato. This creates a special serenade -like timbre. The set is divided into regular melodic phrases: The first four-bar melodic phrase ( "Main Theme " ) is characterized by upbeats and breaks. The next phrase is also viertaktig, continues the idea of the topic and forwards to the dominant of D major. As a plug now follows in D major a motif with falling figure in dotted rhythm (but without opening ) before the previous melody continues. The "second theme " from bar 19 is initiated by a pendulum figure and leads to single - Forte expansion with ganztaktigen notes. The final group repeats a motif ( with eighth notes in the first violin) in a minor key and includes a more encompassing gesture in ganztaktigen notes.

The middle part ( " implementation " ) is initially the material of the " upbeat " Cantilene continues, then the the " second theme ". The recapitulation at measure 59 is structured as exposure, however, are " second theme " and " bottom group " greatly shortened.

" The slow movement is in an unusual " Serenade style kept " and alla breve called Andante cantabile; he has a uniform structure (regular melodic phrases, district monitoring and pizzicato bass) and only towards the end of each half of it is slightly broadened and accelerated. To say it with Tovey: At this rate there is nothing wrong, but one is grateful that Haydn did not so often served in this style. "

" Occupies a special position, the charming serenade -like Andante cantabile, a Symphony 20, which very clearly articulated, developed from small motifs melody over incessant eighth - figuration of the second violin and the priorities marked pizzicato violas and basses deployed to impressive cantabile "

" This Andante cantabile is reminiscent of the serenade liable slow movements of Haydn's string quartets early: a graceful Cantilene the first violin, primed by a continuous quaver movement of the second violin and pizzicato in the lower strings [ ... ]. "

Third set: Menuet

C major, 3/4-Takte, with Trio 54 cycles

In the festive minuet, already reminiscent of Haydn's later style, drop the upbeat triplets, the sweeping up and descending arpeggios and the fortepiano - contrasts. The upbeat triplets and the dynamic contrasts are continued in the Trio ( F major ), which is held as the Andante for strings: the first part begins forte with a ceremonial, Diplomatic example ascending F major - chord followed by a piano response of the strings with offset use of violins. This dialogue will be continued at the beginning of the second trio part in the change of the upper and lower voices.

Fourth sentence: Presto

C major, 3/8-time, 245 cycles

The Presto is a three-part da capo - set ( ABA - structure ) is created, with both A- like B section are three parts in it. Since the middle sections have guide type character, remember both parts of " sonata form in miniature ".

Part A: C major, clock 1-87

• First section (bars 1 to 30): The A-section is almost entirely in the Forte and is played predominantly by the whole orchestra, the violins are usually performed in parallel. The upbeat theme is based on triads, which are enriched with staccato and rhythmic phrases. The topic header is repeated at measure 9 and then goes into a Fort spin drying. A fanfare-like figure in the violins grinder finished the first section in the dominant G major.
• The second section (bars 31-62 ) processed by G major by management like the material from the first section. In bar 50 is achieved as a temporary break the Tonikaparallele a minor. With a contrasting piano passage for the violins Haydn returns to G major.
• The third section (bars 63-87 ) is a " recapitulation " of the first section (from the repetition of topics head according to clock 9) dar.

Part B: C minor, clock 88-153, " Minore ": The B section is dominated by the strings, is held mainly piano.

• In the first section (bars 88-110 ) the subject is presented with " faltering " breaks and partially predominant character. The end stands out with forte -piano contrasts.
• The second section (bars 111-131 ), in turn, feeds the material from the first by further guidance like. the violins are no longer performed in parallel, but play in the dialogue or in contrary motion.
• The third section (bars 132-153 ) is a recapitulation of the first section.

Part A: C major, clock 154-245, " Maggiore "

• It follows an advertised repetition of the A section. With a small Schlussfanfare from C major - chord ends the sentence.

References, notes

Web links, notes

• Clips and Information on the 20th symphony of Haydn by the project " Haydn 100 & 7 " of the Haydn Festival Eisenstadt
• Joseph Haydn: Symphony no. 20 in C major. . Philharmonia Volume No. 720, Vienna 1963 series: Howard Chandler Robbins Landon (ed.): Critical Edition of the Complete Symphonies by Joseph Haydn. ( Pocket score )
• Symphony No. 20 by Joseph Haydn: notes and audio files in the International Music Score Library Project.