Task analysis

Under the task analysis is the mental breakdown (differentiation ) of an overall task in analytical tasks. These sub- tasks are attributable to a synthesis as a precursor of the organizational structure put back together (integration). This analysis-synthesis concept was described by Erich Kosiol in his work " organization of the enterprise ."

Target

The task of synthesis is based on the task analysis and summarizes the identified tasks according to specific criteria together (see Make education ) so that they can be transferred to the task performers ( people ) to fulfill. The transition from the build-up to the process organization represents the work of analysis and synthesis work that connects to the task of analysis and synthesis.

In the task analysis, the overall task is decomposed based on structure features gradually into its individual components. Lower limit of the outline form the so-called elementary tasks. Kosiol divided by the process of induction of sub-tasks, the overall task based on the following five dimensions:

  • Vicarious: breakdown by activities or types of work, for example, purchasing, production, sale or - differentiated - by processes such requests, ordering, monitoring, etc.
  • Object: breakdown by an object or a person ( engruppe ) on which / r, the required activity is to take place. Objects can be: raw materials, products, people, markets etc.
  • Phase: Breakdown in the three phases of planning, implementation and control.
  • Rank: breakdown in execution and decision-making tasks. Decision task, for example, the order, execution order processing.
  • Purpose relationship: breakdown by core and support processes (purpose tasks, for example manufacturing, sales or administrative tasks such as accounting ).

For the fineness of these activities, there are no binding standards. Main Classification of task analysis are " vicarious " and " object". For greater clarity, the dimensions are " rank", "Phase" and "purpose " relationship. The depth of the task analysis depends in particular on the following criteria:

  • Organizational Structure Task
  • Complexity of the tasks
  • Desired degree of division of labor
  • Material resources using
  • Frequency of task seizure

The result of the task analysis is the task outline plan in the form of documentation of the tree. The task analysis is based on the following premises: writability and definition of business task, predictability of entrepreneurial activity, the task abstraction of the concrete person of the jobholder, consistency and consistency of the business objective as well as the attachment of the outline of process steps.

Criticism of these assumptions led to new outline proposals for the task analysis to supplement this, but should not replace them. These new structure features include:

  • Task variability
  • Novelty of the task
  • Unambiguity
  • Aufgabeninterdependenz
  • Controllability
  • Strategic importance of the task
  • Complexity of the action goal

Examples

Observational task analysis:

  • Line Operations Safety Audit in aviation

Task analysis in product development

The example of the evaluation of usability in product development, the task analysis determining the utilization targets used ( desired outcomes) to be achieved with a product in an application that you can configure to meet the task performance of the product, and is used to determine whether work tasks designed to standard are.

Task analysis as a method for determining the staffing needs

The task analysis can also be used as a method for the determination of staffing needs. In the first step the times of performing elementary tasks are determined or estimated using empirical data. The second step is derived from the sum of vicarious times, how many staff will be required to meet the elementary tasks.

Example:

4 x elementary tasks (estimated time performing each 4 hours)

Time needed = 16 hours

Personnel requirements = 2 workers (at 8 hours working time per worker )

→ Requirements for the use of task analysis to the staff needs assessment:

  • The tasks must be gliederbar, manageable and detectable.
  • The tasks have to be repeated at short rhythms (eg daily ).
  • Time estimate for the completion must be available.
Job analysis
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