Tempietto

The tempietto di Bramante (literally, temples Bramante ') is a Renaissance chapel in Rome, whose architecture is inspired by the ancient type of the Tholos Temple. He is regarded as " a prime example of high Renaissance architecture par excellence ". The tempietto was designed by the Italian architect and founder of the High Renaissance architecture Donato Bramante, from whom he has received its name.

Location

The chapel is situated in the courtyard of the Franciscan monastery at the Church of San Pietro in Montorio. This itself is located in the XIII. Roman rione Trastevere, at the same Piazza di San Pietro in Montorio about 400 meters east of the Porta Aurelia.

Architectural History

According to legend, the tempietto was built on the spot where the cross Petri said to have stood. Bramante came in 1499 from Lombardy to Rome. The exact dates of the construction of the building are controversial. Called to be the time 1499-1502, the year 1502 itself and a period after 1504. Authority was the Spanish royal couple, Ferdinand and Isabella. According to this tradition, the restoration of the tempietto the Holy Year was paid by the Spanish state. The restored building was inaugurated in May 1999 by King Juan Carlos.

Basic structure

The building is the first round peripteral the history of architecture since ancient times. It is designed as a vaulted central structure with a dome. It is crucial for the understanding of this building, that it does not depend on the ( in Roman and Christian tradition standing ) construction of the interior, but on the Greek temple tradition of the plastic outer construction. Bramante resorted to in Rome at that time admired world of Greek antiquity and formed the building according to these ideals. The result was a new type of a Memorial building.

Appearance

The temple is created circular, three steps lead up to the podium. There, take 16 columns according to the Doric order, the corresponding decorated with a frieze of metopes and triglyphs beams. In a balustrade was erected; the ( corresponding non of ancient architecture ) light imaging floor recedes behind it. The outside of the shell itself is alternately decorated with rectangular shell and vaulted niches, break four windows the order. Above the cornice finally rises the dome, it is topped by a baroque lantern.

Bramante had planned to surround the temple with an outdoor courtyard; there should be the structure of the temple exterior are continued by a ring of cantilever columns in a rectangular courtyard with deep niches and four additions. The design was never executed, so that the temple today is a little " strange and cramped " in the courtyard of the monastery.

Affairs

In the round, almost solid white interior designed to change over the windows mounted circular niches are set in the figures, with pilasters from. Above the cornice break the dome drum four windows. The pilasters between the niches take on the basic structure of the pilasters of the ground floor. The dome itself is painted light blue and leads the architecture of the lower floors continued to the top of the dome. The interior still contains an altar with a statue of St. Peter, the floor is decorated with marble inlay work on the basis of Kosmatenarbeiten.

Aftermath

The building was among other things a model for the built by Nicholas Hawksmoor mausoleum of the Howard family in the park of Castle Howard in North Yorkshire / England. In addition, a copy of the circular temple has been built up in 1909 by Friedrich Hausmann at Frankfurt 's main cemetery.