Temple (Paris)

Temple is both the location of his time outside of Paris religious area in which the Templars settled after the fall of Acre in 1291, and for the erected there donjon, in the under Philippe the Fair, the French treasury was stored and later the name prison was built. The name eventually was transferred to the 3rd arrondissement, in the region was the religious field. Of the buildings nothing remains.

History

Middle Ages

The Templars had their home in Paris, the Temple, from about 1130 in Saint -Jean -en- Grève. A Nouveau Temple behind Saint -Gervais soon replaced the Vieux Temple. After the fall of Acre in 1291 the Temple was the ordinary residence of the Grand Master. On the morning of October 13, 1307, the wave of arrests began against members of the Knights Templar, which also reached the Temple in Paris. Here 138 were arrested by the 546 Templars in Paris. Since the arrest warrant included the expropriation of are viewed as highly Templar treasure, the militias of the king suspected the gold treasure in the Temple, sought him here, but in vain. After the fall of the Templars, the trials of the major incumbent Jacques de Molay and others by King Philippe the Fair in June 1308, and especially after the papal bull Vox in excelso of 1314, the area was handed over to the Order of St. John of there to the secularization during the French Revolution in 1791 the territorial sovereignty held. This order district, the Enclos du Temple, was located in the northeast of the Marais. The demarcated by a wall from the rest of the urban area developed mainly during the 17th and 18th century by the construction of hôtels particulier, streets and commercial areas, who grew up next to the Order of buildings in a city within the city.

The originating from the Middle Ages privileges such as the guild freedom and the sanctuary attracted people from different layers in the Temple: Besides the friars lived independent dealers, traders, nobles and citizens, the protection of the royal police searched that on about 125 acres of the Rue du Temple. There was a very heterogeneous society of different social classes, which led her life there independently.

Modern Times

The Temple had no particularly good reputation in Paris: In the eyes of the people of Paris, the mixture of half criminals, profiteers and hedonistic nobles gave the district a sinful actually religious painting. Especially the Grand Prior Jean Philippe François d' Orléans (1702-1748) celebrated extravagant evenings that strengthened the libertarian reputation of the Temple. His successor, Louis -François de Bourbon, prince de Conti 1749 Grand Prior and held at the Palais du Temple is an important room in which the Enlightenment philosophers such as Jean -Jacques Rousseau and Beaumarchais came together with the Parisian aristocracy.

French Revolution and then

The Temple was known primarily again during the French Revolution, when you get there in 1792 Louis XVI. and the French royal family held captive to the storming of the Tuileries. The unexplained death of Louis XVII. was in the Temple, and is to this day the breeding ground for legends about the real fate of the king's son. The secularized during the French Revolution, the district fell into the end of the 18th century more and more. The plans Hausmanns destroy the old systems mid-19th century finally, so that today the old Temple except for a few houses there is nothing left. Today, the town hall of the 3rd arrondissement and the Square du Temple on the grounds of the palace.