Textile arts
Textile Art is the collective term for artistic designs of and with a textile material. Its main tasks include apparel and decorative and warming Textiles.
Techniques, materials, functions
The countless types of design begin with the use of different colored threads and the relief formation according to the respective textile technology: crossing the threads in the braiding, weaving, knitting (old tapestries ); Entangling loops while casting (modern materials), knitting, crocheting; Knotting the threads when beading and net work and when lacemaking. Additional processing is done by painting, printing (including batik ), embroidery and application.
As textile materials wool and linen are used since ancient times; Silk was known in ancient Greece, but only the Byzantines were able to acquire the secret of making from the Chinese. Since the 14th century, silk was also produced in Italy and was next to the velvet, the preferred material of the Renaissance and Baroque. The cotton gained in Europe only with imports in the 17th century meaning and was then cultivated in the Mediterranean region since the 19th century it has equal status with the other materials.
Functional, decorative and social aspects of textile art reflects the portrait of Henry Frederick Stuart, Prince of Wales, reflected from the Jacobean. His hat is made of felt, one of the textile -based products. His clothing is made of woven, ornamented with embroidery fabric, and his stockings are knitted. It stands on an oriental rug in wool which is soft and protects against the cold ground. The heavy curtains adorn a space, on the other hand they block the cold drafts from the window. The embroidery on the tablecloth and curtains to announce the status and social status of the owner, as well as the linen shirt with lace trim and lush embroidery on the clothes of the prince.
Textiles as cultural
Art weaving, garment and decorative fabrics of silk, gold thread and less valuable material from antiquity have been preserved only by sculptures by decorative painting as well as descriptions of ancient writers. While in ancient Rome were pure white robes as posh, you were in the Greek Byzantium on the classic monochrome favor colorful knitted, or even embroidered with gold brocaded clothing.
Oriental Fabric by the 1st millennium AD first came through the Crusades to Europe. Over the centuries increased the holdings of oriental fabrics in Catholic churches of Europe, and we used them for the Ornate.
Since the 1880s, the grave finds from Upper Egypt ( Coptic Art) promoted late Egyptian and oriental other tissues of the Early Middle Ages days. From the Coptic artefacts can be used as dress form of the post-Christian era, a shirt-like garment, called a tunic reconstruct. The basic material used was a linen-weave linen or wool fabric were knitted into the pattern elements of different types.
East Asian textiles from countries such as China and Japan each have their amazing wealth of textile manufacturing and designing ways. However, for example, were collectable garments are difficult to obtain. The best, like the courtly robes, hardly anyone could purchase up to the 20th century.
In medieval Europe, the textile artistic creation was limited largely to women's monasteries. It was not until the Renaissance, there were weavers and embroiderers as its own exerted by men professions. Centers of European textile art made out in France, in Switzerland, southern Germany; Finally, was added in Brussels. As of 1650, France took the leading role in Europe, of which the famous Paris Gobelins tapestry factory and workshops in Beauvais, Aubusson, FELLETIN and Nancy testify. The popularity of the tapestries that were competing at the height of its development of painting, finally subsided in the late 18th century.
During the period of Art Nouveau handmade textiles were important for the definition of the "new art". Many designers discovered the traditional techniques such as tapestry and embroidery for the manufacture of the substances. Famous for its interiors and furniture Henry van de Velde designed some of the typical patterns of Art Nouveau.
Textiles, garments and textiles from different cultures presents from the German Textile Museum in the old town of Krefeld- Linn. Increasing importance has won there the conservation and restoration of textiles. After understanding today is not only their artistic value, but also their significance in terms of social and economic relationships in the era of their creation and use.
Current textile art
In the modern and experimental textile art the functional and decorative aspects stand out clearly in the background. The artistic design of clothing and Textiles plays no role, especially in the experimental textile art. Material and textile engineering move as self-reference in the foreground. Modern textile artists emphasize accordingly in two - and three-dimensional creations especially structure, material and color. In losing the extent that the functional aspects of modern textile art in importance and the term no longer applies Applied Arts here, take the overlap with other art forms such as sculpture in terms of a generic three-dimensional works of art.