The Two Noble Kinsmen
The two noble cousins ( Two Noble Kinsmen engl.The ) is a comedy of English literature from the early 17th century, which was written partly by Shakespeare, and on the story of the knight (English: The Knight 's Tale ) from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales based. The piece is considered as the last of Shakespeare's late romances.
Authorship
The two noble cousins , original title The Two Noble Kinsmen, with first publication in 1634 is again attributed to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare. Still August Wilhelm Schlegel had not doubted in his lectures on dramatic art and literature Shakespeare 's Co- authorship:
In the late 19th century Shakespeare's authorship, however, was controversial, and long, it was assumed as Fletcher's co-author Philip Massinger, as well as the apparently first translator of the play into German. Today in the professional world, there is, however, unanimity about the dual authorship of Shakespeare and Shakespeare FletcherDie researchers used a series of tests and techniques for determining the relative proportions of Shakespeare and Fletcher in the play. Metric characteristics, vocabulary and word compositions, the occurrence of certain contractions, type and use of pictures and characteristic lines of certain types were studied in an effort to distinguish the respective proportions of Shakespeare and Fletcher in the play. Hallet Smith now down the shares as follows, which does not however cover its results in every detail with the results of other researchers:
Act I, Scenes 1-3; Act II, Scene 1; Act III, Scene 1; Act V, scene 1, lines 34-173, and Scenes 3 and 4
Prologue; AktII, scenes 2-6; Act III, Scenes 2-6; Act IV, Scenes 1 and 3; Act V, scene 1, lines 1-33, and Scene 2; Epilogue.
Dating and text
For various links between The Two Noble Kinsmen and contemporary works leads to a probable creation and performance period 1613-1614 customer. Reference to Palamon, one of the main characters in both noble cousins in Ben Jonson's play Bartholomew Fair ( St. Bartholomew's market ) 1614 ( act 4, 2nd picture) suggests that the audience knew the cousins. In Francis Beaumont's courtly masque The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray 's Innvon 1613 second counter - Masque is an occupation with rural figures: Pedant, May- Lord and Lady, servant and maid, innkeeper and hostess, a shepherd with his loved ones and two baboons ( male and female). A little simplified (without shepherdess and with only a baboon ) performs the same occupation the Morris dance ( " Morris Dance" ) in the cousins ( Act 2, Verses 120-138 ). A successful "special effect " in Beaumont's Masque, which had been developed only for a single performance, apparently, although somewhat modified, found in the cousins entrance, from which it can be assumed that the comedy was not shown long after the Masque.
The piece was added to the Printers folder ( " Stationers ' Register") on April 8, 1634; the publication of the quarto edition by the bookseller John Waterson took place in the same year, the printer was Thomas Cotes. The song was recorded neither in the first complete edition of Shakespeare ("First Folio " ) of 1623, nor in one of the later folios of Shakespeare's works, however, is found in the second folio edition of Beaumont and Fletcher from the year 1679th
People and place of the action
- Theseus, Duke of Athens
- Palamon, nephew of King Creon of Thebes
- Arcite, nephew of King Creon of Thebes
- Pirithous, Athenian commander
- Artesius, Athenian captain
- Valerius, Theban nobleman
- Six Knights
- A herald
- A jailer
- Free to whose daughter
- Daughter of the jailer
- Brother of the jailer
- Friends of the jailer
- A physician
- A nobleman
- Gerrold, a schoolmaster
- Hippolyta, wife of Theseus
- Emilia, her sister
- Three queens
- Emilia's servant
- Country maids and women imagine the Nymphs
- A worker
- Compatriots, messengers
- A man who imagines God Hymenaeus. A boy
- Executioners, guards, soldiers, servants
Location: Athens and its surroundings, except in the first act, where the action takes place in Thebes and its surroundings.
Action
The two noble cousins is a dramedy based on Geoffrey Chaucer's narrative poem The Knight 's Tale ( The story of the knight ) with an additional subplot that runs parallel to the main plot.
The two cousins and close friends Palamon and Arcite are imprisoned after the defeat of their home city of Thebes by the Athenians. From the dungeon window they see Princess Emilia, and since both burn with love for her is from her friendship bitter rivalry. Arcite is released from captivity, but banished from Athens. However, in disguise, he returns to visit Emilia and her henchman.
Meanwhile, the daughter of the jailer fell in love with Palamon and helps him to escape, after he encounters Arcite again. To settle their rivalry over Emilia, approving their participation in a public tournament. The abandoned jailer 's daughter now expires in madness, but her former lover she wins again by making them believe that he was Palamon.
Before the tournament, Arcite prays to the gods to let him win. Palamon prays that he could marry Emilia; Emilia asks the gods to give her those for husband who love them the most. Each of the three prayers will be heard: Arcite wins the battle, but is then thrown from his horse and dies, so that Palamon remains and Emilia marries.
Performances
In addition to the performances of about 1613-14 is assigned a performance at the Royal Court in 1619. When, after the joyless puritanism of Cromwell 's rule, the theater had opened with the onset of the Stuart restoration again, let Sir William Davenant by the Duke 's Company, an adapted version of the two noble cousins under the title The Rivals list ( The Rivals ). Thomas Betterton represented the " Philander ," Davenant's version of Palamon. Samuel Pepys saw Davenant's production and ruled in his diary on 10 Sept.1664: " No exquisite piece, but is a good representation "
Translations into German
- Ferdonand Adolph Gelbcke: The two noble cousins. First printing in: the English stage to Shakespeare's time. Twelve plays of his contemporaries. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1890, Vol 3, pp. 1-105.
- Kurt Klinger: The two noble cousins or enmity against his will: a play. Processing, as Ms. reproduced, stage and music publishing Pero, Vienna 1981.
- Jürgen Wüllrich: The two noble cousins : The Two Noble Kinsmen. Publisher Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2009 ISBN 978-3-8370-8170-1
Popular culture
The two noble cousins is the only piece of Shakespeare, which has never been adapted for film or television.
After the episode in Co - Dependent 's Day of The Simpsons Moe Syzlak has to think a bottle of rare 1886er Château Latour given away without, he dries his tears with another priceless collector's item, an original manuscript of the two noble cousins