Token coin
As a token is normally referred Rechenpfennige from the period 1400 to 1800, which were partially characterized as a sideline of the Münzmeistern and bore their names.
Tokens
Must be distinguished from value brands that are private money and replacement of base metal or substitutes ( leather, wood, ceramic, hard rubber, plastic ) were prepared or for services or goods were redeemable. The latter came only in the 19th century in use and certain types of these brands are in some countries still in use today. In the English -speaking world are tokens tokens, called in France Méreaux and in Spanish-speaking countries fichas or Boletos. Furthermore, Tormarken bread and pennies are at the moment. Some of them come as a ticket for use (eg New York City Subway, Metro Istanbul, Metro Saint-Petersburg). In Hamburg, for example, in 1923 fare brands of ceramic ( Bottgerzeug ) were issued. In Italy, special coins were ( gettoni ) for public telephone boxes in use.
Use of tokens in South America and India
In South America wages in Salpeterwerken, mines and haciendas in the form of tokens ( ficha salario ) were paid. These stamps could be used only in the belonging to the Company Shops ( pulperías ). A similar use found tokens ( boleto ) in the coffee plantations of Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala) and in tea plantations of India. Precursors of these tokens were in Spanish America in the 18th and 19th century, the place change ausgebenen of traders tokens in metal or cardboard, which mitades or Señas were called.
Types of tokens
One can divide tokens into two groups:
- Tokens of banks
- Tokens of businesses or companies
- Tokens of individuals
- Tokens of cooperatives
- Tokens of casinos and casinos (also called " chips" or " chip " called )
- 2.Wertmarken that have no value and can be exchanged for goods or services:
- Tokens for transportation by bus, subway or ferry
- Tokens for phone calls
- Tokens for food or beverages ( eg beer or canteen brands)
- Tokens for slot machines
- Tokens for washing machines
- Tokens for public pools
- Tokens for parking