Tonguefish

Symphurus thermophilus

The dog tongues ( Cynoglossidae (Size: kyon = dog, glossa = tongue ) ) are a family of the order flatfish ( Pleuronectiformes ). They live worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions in sea and brackish waters of estuaries. Five species live in fresh water. Many species are fished commercially. The occurring in the North Sea Hound's Tongue ( Glyptocephalus cynoglossus ) does not belong to this family, but to the plaice ( Pleuronectidae ).

Features

Dog tongues have a slim shape for flatfish. The very small, close-set eyes are on the left side of the body. Back, the pointed tail and anal fins are fused into a Flossensaum. The dorsal fin begins in front of the eyes. Pectoral fins missing, only Symphurus remains a fine membrane. The ventral fin the bottom is with four fin rays on the midline of the body. The edge of the Vorkiemendeckels is hidden under the skin and dandruff. The number of vertebrae is 42 to 78, usually 9 to 10 hull and 33-66 caudal vertebrae. Most species remain below 30 centimeters, the largest is 48 inches long.

System

There are two subfamilies, genera and about 130 species of three:

Subfamily Symphurinae

In the subfamily Symphurinae the head above the terminal mouth is not available. The lateral line is missing on both sides. The pelvic fins are separated from the anal fin. They usually live in deep water, especially at depths 300-1900 m. The subfamily is mono generic, ie contains only one genus with about 80 species.

  • Genus Symphurus Rafinesque, 1810 Symphurus arawak Robins & Randall, 1965
  • Symphurus atramentatus Jordan & Bollman, 1890
  • Symphurus atricaudus Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
  • Symphurus australis Rendahl, 1922 Symphurus civitatium
  • Symphurus bathyspilus Krabbenhoft & Munroe, 2003
  • Symphurus billykrietei Munroe, 1998
  • Symphurus callopterus Munroe & Mahadeva, 1989
  • Symphurus caribbeanus Munroe, 1991
  • Symphurus chabanaudi Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990
  • Symphurus civitatium Ginsburg, 1951
  • Symphurus diabolicus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990
  • Symphurus diomedeanus Goode & Bean, 1885 Symphurus diomedeanus
  • Symphurus elongatus ( Günther, 1868)
  • Symphurus fasciolar Gilbert, 1892
  • Symphurus fuscus Brauer, 1906
  • Symphurus gilesii Alcock, 1889
  • Symphurus ginsburgi Menezes & Benvegnu, 1976
  • Symphurus gorgonae Chabanaud, 1948
  • Symphurus hondoensis Hubbs, 1915
  • Symphurus insularis Munroe, Brito & Hernández, 2000
  • Symphurus jenynsi Evermann & Kendall, 1907
  • Symphurus kyaropterygium Menezes & Benvegnu, 1976
  • Symphurus leei Jordan & Bollman, 1890
  • Symphurus ligulatus Cocco, 1844
  • Symphurus lubbocki Munroe, 1990
  • Symphurus luzonensis Chabanaud, 1955
  • Symphurus macrophthalmus Norman, 1926
  • Symphurus maldivensis Chabanaud, 1955
  • Symphurus marginatus Goode & Bean, 1886 Symphurus marginatus
  • Symphurus marmoratus Bleeker, 1851
  • Symphurus melanurus Clark, 1936
  • Symphurus melasmatotheca Munroe & Nizinski, 1990
  • Symphurus microlepis Bleeker, 1851
  • Symphurus microrhynchus Weber, 1913
  • Symphurus minor Ginsburg, 1951
  • Symphurus monostigmus Munroe, 2006
  • Symphurus nebulosus Goode & Bean, 1883 Symphurus nebulosus
  • Symphurus nigrescens Rafinesque, 1810
  • Symphurus normani Chabanaud, 1950
  • Symphurus novemfasciatus Shen & Lin, 1984
  • Symphurus ocellatus Bonde, 1922
  • Symphurus oculellus Munroe, 1991
  • Symphurus oligomerus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990
  • Symphurus ommaspilus Bohlke, 1961
  • Symphurus orientalis Bleeker, 1879
  • Symphurus parvus Ginsburg, 1951
  • Symphurus pelicanus Ginsburg, 1951
  • Symphurus piger nil Symphurus piger
  • Symphurus plagiusa Linnaeus, 1766
  • Symphurus plagusia Bloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Symphurus prolatinaris Munroe, Nizinski & Mahadeva, 1991
  • Symphurus pusillus Goode & Bean, 1885 Symphurus pusillus
  • Symphurus regani Weber & de Beaufort, 1929
  • Symphurus reticulatus Munroe, 1990
  • Symphurus Rhytisma Bohlke, 1961
  • Symphurus schultzi Chabanaud, 1955
  • Symphurus septemstriatus Alcock, 1891
  • Symphurus stigmosus Munroe, 1998
  • Symphurus strictus Gilbert, 1905
  • Quoy & Gaimard Symphurus tessellatus, 1824
  • Symphurus trewavasae Chabanaud, 1948
  • Symphurus trifasciatus Alcock, 1894 Symphurus urospilus
  • Symphurus undatus Gilbert, 1905
  • Symphurus undecimplerus Munroe & Nizinski, 1990
  • Symphurus urospilus Ginsburg, 1951
  • Symphurus vanmelleae Chabanaud, 1952
  • Symphurus variegatus Gilchrist, 1903
  • Symphurus varius Garman, 1899
  • Symphurus williamsi Jordan & Culver, 1895
  • Symphurus woodmasoni Alcock, 1889

Subfamily Cynoglossinae

In the subfamily Cynoglossinae the head above the arched foot is facing. The lateral line is well developed, especially on the eye side. The ventral side of the eye has grown together with the anal fin. The species of the subfamily Cynoglossinae usually live in shallow water, five, especially in rivers and three only in fresh water. At the subfamily includes two genera with about 50 species.

  • Genus Cynoglossus Hamilton, 1822, lips without fringes. Cynoglossus abbreviatus Gray, 1834
  • Cynoglossus acaudatus Gilchrist, 1906
  • Cynoglossus acutirostris Norman, 1939
  • Cynoglossus arel Bloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Cynoglossus attenuatus Gilchrist & Thompson, 1917
  • Cynoglossus broadhursti Waite, 1905
  • Cynoglossus browni Chabanaud, 1949
  • Cynoglossus cadenati Chabanaud, 1947
  • Cynoglossus canariensis Steindachner, 1882
  • Cynoglossus capensis Kaup, 1858 cynoglossus capensis
  • Cynoglossus carpenteri Alcock, 1889
  • Cynoglossus cynoglossus Hamilton, 1822
  • Cynoglossus dispar Day, 1877
  • Cynoglossus dollfusi Chabanaud, 1931
  • Cynoglossus dubius Day, 1873
  • Cynoglossus durbanensis Regan, 1921
  • Cynoglossus feldmanni Bleeker, 1853
  • Cynoglossus gilchristi Regan, 1920
  • Cynoglossus gracilis Günther, 1873
  • Cynoglossus heterolepis Weber, 1910
  • Cynoglossus interruptus Günther, 1880
  • Cynoglossus itinus Snyder, 1909
  • Cynoglossus joyneri Günther, 1878
  • Cynoglossus kapuasensis Fowler, 1905
  • Cynoglossus kopsii Bleeker, 1851
  • Cynoglossus lachneri Menon, 1977
  • Cynoglossus lida Bleeker, 1851
  • Cynoglossus lighti Norman, 1925
  • Cynoglossus lineolatus Steindachner, 1867
  • Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton, 1822
  • Cynoglossus maccullochi Norman, 1926 Cynoglossus cynoglossus on a fish market.
  • Cynoglossus macrolepidotus Bleeker, 1851
  • Cynoglossus macrophthalmus Norman, 1926
  • Cynoglossus macrostomus Norman, 1928
  • Cynoglossus maculipinnis Rendahl, 1921
  • Cynoglossus marleyi Regan, 1921
  • Cynoglossus melampetalus Richardson, 1846
  • Cynoglossus microlepis Bleeker, 1851
  • Cynoglossus monodisperse Chabanaud, 1949
  • Cynoglossus monopus Bleeker, 1849
  • Cynoglossus nigropinnatus Ochiai, 1963
  • Cynoglossus ogilbyi Norman, 1926
  • Cynoglossus oligolepis Bleeker, 1854
  • Cynoglossus pottii Steindachner, 1902
  • Cynoglossus puncticeps Richardson, 1846
  • Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus Regan, 1905
  • Cynoglossus quadrilineatus ( Bleeker, 1851)
  • Cynoglossus robustus Günther, 1873
  • Cynoglossus roulei have been found Wu, 1932
  • Cynoglossus sealarki Regan, 1908
  • Cynoglossus semifasciatus Day, 1877
  • Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873
  • Cynoglossus senegalensis Kaup, 1858
  • Cynoglossus sibogae Weber, 1913
  • Cynoglossus sinicus Wu, 1932
  • Cynoglossus sinusarabici Chabanaud, 1931
  • Cynoglossus suyeni Fowler, 1934
  • Cynoglossus trigrammus Günther, 1862
  • Cynoglossus trulla Cantor, 1849
  • Cynoglossus waandersii Bleeker, 1854
  • Cynoglossus zanzibarensis Norman, 1939
  • Paraplagusia bilineata Lacépède, 1802
  • Paraplagusia bleekeri Kottelat, 2013
  • Paraplagusia guttata Macleay, 1878
  • Paraplagusia japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
  • Paraplagusia longirostris Chapleau, Renaud & Kailola, 1991
  • Paraplagusia Sinerama Chapleau & Renaud, 1993
David Starr Jordan Fish fin Joseph S. Nelson FishBase
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