Total mixed ration

The total mixed ration (also total mixed ration total mixed ration or short TMR; . Transferred from the English total mixed ration ) is a feeding system in the livestock industry, all otherwise distributed separately feed components are mixed in the immediately before feeding. In everyday parlance, the so assembled feed mixture itself is sometimes referred to as TMR. The TMR feeding mainly spreads in the dairy industry since the 1990s in German-speaking countries.

Technology

The TMR provides a feed template in which both forage ( silage, hay, grass ) and concentrate components are included. The mixing of the various feed components is usually done using a feed mixer, in more automated factories with a TMR robot.

Reasons for a TMR

A TMR prevents selective feed intake according to palatability by livestock. With a food selection associated adverse impact in terms of nutrient composition of feed ingested and the rumen physiology in ruminants can be avoided. By feeding the mixed feed to dry matter and energy content of the consumed by the animal feed ration can be increased so that the animal performance (eg, milk ) can be increased.

Group formation

In dairy farming, the total mixed ration is adapted to the stage of lactation. This assumes that within the livestock groups with approximately the same level of performance can be made, lest some animals too much and others too little energy is erhalten.Üblich that one group of animals received the same mixture as a lump ration at TMR. An average European operation comes on three diets. In general, there is then a ration for dry cows, one for Altmelkende cows as well as for high yielding cows. The feed mixture can also be compiled to individual animals, but this is rare in practice.

Alternative

The upgraded mixed ration (also part mixed ration, transferred from the English partly mixed ration, short PMR. ) Is a feeding system, the TMR distributed as a lump sum, provided with a small force feed share basic feed mixture combined ( engl. separate concentrate feeding, SCF). More power feed is allocated to individual animals on a concentrate feed station.