Transylvanian School

The Transylvanian School (Romanian scoala Ardeleana ) was a cultural movement in the second half of the 18th century and in 19th century Transylvania. She took her beginnings after 1700 the Greek Orthodox Church in Transylvania gave their subordination to the Phanar and with Rome Uniate and thus became the Romanian Greek- Catholic Church. The new contacts with Rome brought the Romanians in Transylvania, the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment. Larger centers of the movement were in Blaj, Oradea, Lugoj and Beiuş.

Its members were the first Romanians who considered the Romanian ethnogenesis from a scientific point of view. They brought historical and philological arguments for the theory of direct ancestry of today's Romanians of the former Roman population of Dacia ( the Daco- Roman continuity theory so-called ).

One of the first undertakings of this movement was the constitution of the en: Supplex Libellus.

The Transylvanian School had a significant impact on the self-image of the Romanians in the Carpathian Basin and even to those beyond the mountains and led to the National awakening of Romania's population. The verses of today's national anthem of Romania ( Desteapta - te, române! ) Emerged during this period and were first of all the Transylvanian anthem.

The school also developed the present, based on the Latenischem alphabet, Romanian alphabet the alphabet used until then replaced in 1860 transferred to Cyrillic. The pronounciation rules were derived from the Italian and French.

Through sound change was from the vowels i, a and u partially the vowel ɨ. Philologists now suggested an etymological spelling, after the alphabet for one and the same sound ɨ both a letter î as should also contain the letters â and û in to write words of Latin origin accordingly. So should rum example. în be written with î, since it is derived from the Latin in, rum. sunt û, since it is derived from the Latin sum and with â italiano, since it is due to Latin Romanus.

Another noticeable contribution from the school relates to the first language of French and Italian neologisms.

Known representatives of the movement

  • George Barit
  • Ion Budai - Deleanu
  • Petru Maior
  • Samuil Micu
  • Gheorghe Şincai
Pannonian Basin Close central unrounded vowel Samuil Micu-Klein
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