Trichophyton
Trichophyton rubrum with a macro - and microconidia more
Trichophyton ( gr θριχός "hair" φυτόν, "plant" ) is a genus of filamentous fungi belonging to the imperfect fungi. They are important as pathogens of Trichophytien. These are dermatophytosis, ie fungal infections of the skin and of the head and beard hair. The type species is Trichophyton tonsurans.
Features
Macroconidia are not trained in all types; if they are present, they have one to twelve septa with a smooth, generally thin cell wall. You can appear singly or in clusters and are oblong acuminate, club fusiform or cylindrical. They vary in size 8-86 x 4-14 microns. Microconidia are formed more frequently than macroconidia. They are round to pear - or club-shaped, stalked or sessile. They are formed either individually at the Hyphenseiten or in grape-like clusters. Some isolates sporulate only on suitable media. On Sabouraud dextrose agar they form powdery, velvety or waxy colonies. By pigments on the bottom are these white, pink, red or purple to yellow and brown.
Ecology and life
All species feed on keratin. In addition to species that prefer humans as a host of other mammals are infected by other species. This parasitic species living among the dermatophytes. According to lifestyle differentiates:
- Anthropophilic species: they live as parasites on skin, hair and nails of humans, for example, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum;
- Zoophilic species: they too are parasitic on the coat and skin of various mammals, such as Trichophyton equinum, Trichophyton verrucosum;
- Geophile species: These species live mainly in the ground on fallen hides and hooves and are rarely parasitic, ajelloi as Trichophyton.
Diseases
Trichophyton species trigger a series dermotologischer disease in humans or animals and are included Epidermophyton and Microsporum to the three anamorphic genera that cause dermatophytosis. If the main crop shapes formed, so include this genus Arthroderma.
Transmission is by contact infection. The pathogenicity of the anthropophilic species based on enzymes ( keratinase, proteinase, elastase ), with which they can dissolve the keratin and other structural proteins of the stratum corneum of the skin, nails and hair. The diseases are referred to, depending on their appearance as tinea, Erbgrind ( favus ) or more generally as ringworm.
Species
Overall, about 20 species are known.
- Trichophyton concentricum R.Blanch.
- Trichophyton eboreum Brasch & Y.Gräser
- Trichophyton equinum ( Dassonville et Matruchot ) Gedoelst
- Trichophyton gourvilii Catanei
- Trichophyton kanei Summerb.
- Trichophyton megninii R.Blanch.
- Trichophyton mentagrophytes ( C.P.Robin ) Sabour.
- Trichophyton phaseoliforme Borelli & Feo
- Trichophyton raubitschekii J.Kane, Salkin, Weitzman & Smitka
- Trichophyton rubrum ( Castell. ) Sabour.
- Trichophyton schoenleinii ( Lebert ) Langeron & Miloch. ex Nann.
- Trichophyton simii ( Pinoy ) Stockdale, Mackenzie et Austwick
- Trichophyton soudanense Joyeux
- Trichophyton terrestre Durie & D.Frey
- Trichophyton tonsurans Malmsten
- Trichophyton vanbreuseghemii Rioux, Jarry & Juminer
- Trichophyton verrucosum E.Bodin
- Trichophyton violaceum Sabour. ex E.Bodin
- Trichophyton yaoundei G.Cochet & Doby - Dub.