TRIZ

TRIZ is the Russian acronym for " теория решения изобретательских задач " ( Teoria reschenija isobretatjelskich sadatsch ), which translates as meaning " theory of inventive problem solving " or " theory of solving inventive problems " or in English " Theory of Inventive Problem Solving " ( Abbr TIPS).

Methodology

The methodology was created by Genrich Altshuller Saulovich and Rafael Shapiro Borisovich under the influence of Dmitri Dmitrijevitsch Kabanov to 1954-1956 in life. In hindsight, the beginning of the research was often given as 1948 or even 1946 by G. Altshuller. However, these previous data could not be well documented (see "How many fathers TRIZ ").

TRIZ was developed on the basis of the assumption that by the sighting of a large number of patents, and then selecting values ​​describe those technical breakthroughs, innovative general principles and even laws of inventing would be to discover. So G. Altshuller recognized and R. Shapiro in 1956 three essential principles:

Using this method, try inventors to systematize their activities in order to arrive at new solutions to problems quickly and efficiently. The TRIZ method has now spread worldwide and is " understood in stormy development " ( sable).

In the Anglo -Saxon world the term TIPS ( Theory of Inventive Problem Solving ) is common.

TRIZ contains a set of methodological tools that make it easier to better analyze a given technical problem, and make it possible to find creative solutions. The methods of classical TRIZ are:

Other methods that are associated with the TRIZ, but which are not included in the classical theory, but have been developed by students of Altshuller, are:

Contradiction Table and 40 innovative principles

Most of the TRIZ is not understood, the above collection of methods and tools, but refers only to the contradiction table and 40 innovative principles as " TRIZ ". However, these are based in the professional world on handling and operation controversial.

TRIZ contains 40 principles or " 40 Rules of Innovation" (sometimes also 40 innovative principles, 40 IGP - 40 innovative principles called ). One of these rules is the "principle of plug- doll ( matryoshka )" ( also called "integration" ): One reprove an object into the interior of another.

These abstract rules are:

These rules are used mostly in connection with a so-called contradiction matrix or contradiction table. This matrix has applied various technical parameters in the first row and the first column in each case ( in the same order ). In the individual fields of the matrix, thus ( a -season games in football table similar) are compared with each parameter. The diagonal of the matrix remains empty because here each one and the same parameters faces (that would be solved with the physical contradictions ). As for the other fields, so it is assumed that the assigned parameter will improve in the column, while the parameters in the corresponding row worse. Herein lies the contradiction. The field in which cross each row and column names based on individual numbers, the basic rules of innovative TRIZ, which can help to overcome this contradiction. A developer who works with the contradiction matrix, so it must be clear which parameters of the developed system he should be improved about it first. Then he must determine what other parameters would worsen these improvements normally. Finally, the developer abstracts these parameters, so that he can assign the contradiction matrix parameters of the first row and column. Ultimately, the author arrives at the abstract rules of TRIZ, which are likely to help in overcoming the contradictions arising in the course of development. Using examples and the specification of rules to the object of development towards thoughts are encouraged, as the existing development contradictions are overcome.

For a detailed explanation and specification of the rules of TRIZ, and examples please refer to the below mentioned technical literature.

That Altshuller himself nor the principles 41 to 50 set, which did not make it to the official list due to lack of evidential support, is the most German- TRIZ experts unaware (see http://www.triz-seminar.de/Prinzipien_41 - 50_Altschuller.pdf ).

Table effectiveness

The measures proposed by the opposition table solution principles generally provide no ready-made solutions but encourage the user to think in the right direction. Often you can find the solution in the combination of different principles.

In practice, however, it is not easy to formulate a technical contradiction with the help of the contradiction table precisely for a specific task. A simplification would therefore be a direct time-saving application of innovation principles in order of their statistical frequency of application.

After the experience of numerous solutions ( Pavel Livotov, Vladimir Petrov ) deliver the first 10 principles from this list useful solutions for approximately 60 % of all tasks:

• 35.Veränderung the physical and chemical properties
• 10 preliminary action
• First decomposition
• 28 replacement of the mechanical system
• Second separation
• 15 dynamic
• 19 periodic action
• 18 utilization of mechanical vibrations
• 32 color change
• 13 function inversion ( inversion)

Basically, the 40 innovation principles to the solution are easily well suited to moderate problems.

Alternative procedure for S. Fayer

After Fayer the contradiction table has had its day. It proposes a classification of innovation principles into four groups. These can be used to address specific issues. It proposes the following groups and their associated innovative principles:

• Group 1: You want something to change in a substance (quantity, quality, structure, form): 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 17, 30, 31, 40
• Group 2: You want to eliminate harmful interactions or factors: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 33, 39
• Group 3: You want to reduce costs, increase efficiency and / or improve the ideality: 5, 6, 15, 16, 20, 25, 26, 34
• Group 4: You want to use scientific effects, fields, and special substances: 8, 18, 28, 29, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38 30, 31, 40

Matrix 2003

With the Matrix 2003, the classic contradiction matrix is ​​reissued in a revised form. The authors recognized the value of the matrix, but were also aware of the negative sides and aware of the problems. So they pressed ahead with a patent search in which they sighted 150,000 patents to provide an update of the contradiction matrix. The new matrix 2003, 48 technical parameters and it will be presented in addition to the 40 innovative principles still 37 of the most important combinations and special principles. In their patent studies, the authors found that the hit probability of the matrix based on 2003 " randomly " selected examples would be significantly higher than with the old matrix (see http://www.triz-journal.com/archives/2004/07/05. pdf).

Physical contradictions and separation principles

A physical contradiction occurs when one and the same parameters of a technical system would have to assume two states simultaneously. This means, for example, that an object would have to be hot and cold at the same time. The physical contradictions can be found within the technical contradictions, ie in the core goes back any technical objection to physical contradictions. In the contradiction matrix corresponding to the diagonal on the no contradiction stands. The physical contradiction is based on mutually exclusive states, which is related to a single function, a component or function of the overall system ( Herb, p 131).

To resolve a physical contradiction, TRIZ has four separation principles:

• Separation in space
• Separation in time
• Separation within an object and its parts
• Separation by condition change

Dwarves model

Disambiguation: The Dwarves model is referred to in the first translations as modeling using " small figures" and as a method of small figures ( sales area). In addition, you can read the name Sly dwarves, dwarfs engineering, small dwarfs or model of the clever dwarves.

Description: With the dwarf model one tries to circumvent the shortcomings of the personal analogy ( ID ) in the Synectics. Man has so namely problems to imagine that his body is destroyed or damaged. Therefore, the human mind avoids these schools of thought. With the dwarf model is the bypassed by the object one imagines composed of a large number of dwarfs.

Law of the development of systems

Disambiguation: In addition to the original concept of the laws of development of systems ( Altshuller, p 186) are also definitions such as technical development trends, laws of technical evolution or evolutionary principles of technical systems used. In the English language usage of this tool for the following terms: Trends of Evolution, Trends of Technological Evolution, Patterns of Evolution or TESE - Trends of Engineering System Evolution.

Description: The laws of the development of systems provide guidance on how a technical system will develop. It is based on the observations in the history and can therefore meet certain predictions. These predictions are very abstract and provide more of a challenge or a vision is that it allows you to develop ideas for the next concrete steps.

In the literature there are currently only eight laws that Altshuller has even erected or eight of Terninko, Zusman and Zlotin. However, there are extensive further work on these developing laws that allow a substantially improved work. The following are the eight laws are called, as described by Altshuller:

Ideality

Disambiguation: The ideality actually belongs to the laws of the development of systems. However, it is often understood as a standalone tool. The ideal final result ( IFR ) (English Ideal Final Result (IFR ) ) is an auxiliary construction that occurs in the ARIZ, and is often confused with the ideality.

Description: An ideal system is one that does not exist, whose functions are yet carried out. Its mass, volume and surfaces tend to zero, without decreasing its ability to produce power. If you imagine it on a phone, it is perhaps easier. Actually, one wants no phone, but you want to " talk to a person ( in the distance) ." This function should always be preserved, but the instrument should be reduced in its dimensions to zero. Now if you look at the development of the first phones to the modern mobile phones, one can easily understand this.

Under the ideality one usually refers to the sum of useful functions to the sum of all malicious functions, which are expected to harmful functions partly the costs. Vladimir Petrov and Avraam Seredinski indicate the level of ideality as follows:

This is I - ideality level; F - useful function; Q - quality of the useful function; C - time and cost for implementing the useful function; H - is hurtful; α, β - adjustment factors.

In the literature, six ways to ideality be specified: