Tschandala

Chandala is an older German / Swedish transcription of the word Chandala. The term was used by Friedrich Nietzsche and August Strindberg in this notation.

Nietzsche's " chandala "

Use of the term in Nietzsche

Nietzsche uses the term in his writings Twilight of the Idols and The Antichrist. In it, he presents the " Code of Manu " with its caste system as an example of an intelligently planned " breeding " of people against the attempt of Christianity, "tame" the people.

Pays particular attention to Nietzsche while the " chandala " which he sees in Manu as a product of uncontrolled mixture of races and classes, or, as Nietzsche Manu quoted as " the fruit of adultery, incest and crime."

Nietzsche first describes methods of Christian people improve. Central metaphor is the trained beast in the menagerie, the seemingly improved, weakened in reality and its vitality was robbed. As Nietzsche sees the correspondence trained by Christianity Germans.

The Code of Manu was opposed on breeding high human race and must therefore be adamant against any racial mixing. Nietzsche describes this social organization as " terrible " and " our feeling contradictory ", but as the purest and most original expression of "Aryan humanity. " He puts the brutal rules for dealing with the chandala that amount basically to humiliation and physical destruction, as a clash of strong opposition to the mass of the weak:

According to Nietzsche, is now, however, Christianity emerged from Judaism, the religion of chandala. He suggests that Judaism actually comes from the " Chandala ":

In his book The Antichrist, Nietzsche praises once again the law of Manu. While it used like any morality the " holy lie " as a means, but its purpose is infinitely higher than that of Christianity. Nietzsche represents the worldview of the " most spiritual " and " most " people who can affirm everything, even the existence of Chandala, against the jealous and vengeful instincts of Chandala itself ( compare master morality and slave morality ). The term chandala is still coined by Nietzsche on different opponents, as well as on socialist currents of his time.

Also, in some posthumous records Nietzsche himself finds his employment with the Code of Manu, which he places also criticized. In a letter to Henry Köselitz from May 31, 1888 Nietzsche declared the Jews to " chandala race" that had " Aryan" converted ethics of the Vedas to a priest - ethics, thus destroying the original meaning.

Nietzsche faulty source

Nietzsche derived his supposed knowledge from the 1876 published book Les législateurs religieux. Manou, Moïse, Mahomet the French Indologist and writer Louis Jacolliot. According to ( ref: Etter ) differs this translation of Manusmriti from other sources sometimes significantly from, even on the used and quoted by Nietzsche points. So there is not the highlighted Nietzsche and Christianity opposite of respect for the woman in the usual versions of the text.

In his interpretation of the chandala Nietzsche repeatedly with Jews and compiles Christianity, Nietzsche is obviously a longer excursus Jacolliots followed in which developed this loud Etter "an unbelievable, absurd and scientifically completely untenable theory." Jacolliots theory is that include all the Semitic peoples, ie in particular the Hebrews, descendants emigrated chandala tribes. Although Nietzsche expresses this never so directly, go some of his utterance clearly in this direction - although, as Etter finds Nietzsche would have had quite the opportunity Jacolliots work as " a pseudo-scientific publication with grossly misleading conclusions that were based on completely arbitrary assumptions " visible. Instead Jacolliots " rapturous admiration for ancient Eastern wisdom and civilization with a more or less open and pronounced anti-Semitism and anti-Christianism " Nietzsche was quite uncritically accepted and also more powerful.

Strindberg's novel

The Nietzsche - worshipers August Strindberg attempted literary immediately implement in his 1889 published novel the term " chandala ".

Text Basics and footnotes

Nietzsche's writings are cited according to the Critical Study Edition of the Works and Letters (KSA and KSB ).