Turnaround (music)
A harmonic ostinato designated in the music progression (ie a sequence of chords ), which is relatively short (about two to eight chords often four) and is continually repeated cyclically while a piece of music. The harmonic ostinato is a special case of the general concept of ostinato.
An example is the famous chord sequence from the Canon in D by Johann Pachelbel, which is repeated unchanged 28 times in this piece:
About the ostinato as harmonic and temporal basis, the melody unfolds. The once established chord sequence runs unchanged as a red thread through the piece of music. The auditory system is based on the melody and does not care that the chord sequence repeated continuously (which you might find itself as " boring "), but rejoices in the emerging " roundness " and connectedness.
In the simplest case, the first chord of the sequence the tonic and the dominant of the last to do so. Since these again sought to the tonic, "rolls" the chord sequence, as if driven by an inner urge to always on. There is such a cyclical chord progressions in many genres, including jazz, blues, but also in folk song, folk music or pop music. Often the chord sequence runs through both the verse and the chorus. A harmonic ostinato may also be agreed at a jam session in order to provide a framework for the joint improvisation.
Notation according to the stage theory
A harmonic ostinato, for example, the chord progression commonly used tonic - Tonikaparallele - subdominant - dominant seventh, after the stage theory as follows listed: I- VI -IV -V.
An also very popular harmonic ostinato is the so -called " 1625 " (pronounced: twenty-five sixteen ), ie stages I -VI - II - V, which subsequently tonic - dominant corresponds - Tonikaparallele - Subdominantparallele. Especially in jazz they will get the gamut own four-note chords ( Imaj7, VIm7, IIm7, V7 ) are used.
For another example, see II - V -I.
Song examples
Examples of well-known songs, which are based on a harmonic ostinato:
- Hang On Sloopy ( Bert Russell / Wes Farrell ): |: D, G, A, G: |
- I Will Survive ( Gloria Gaynor ): |: Am, Dm, G, Cmaj7, Fmaj7, Bm7b5, Esus4, E: |
- La Bamba ( Ritchie Valens ): |: D, G, A7: |
- The 59th Street Bridge Song ( Simon and Garfunkel ): |: C, G, Am7, G: |
- The Great Song Of Indifference (Bob Geldof ): |: A, D, A, E: |
- What's Up (4 Non Blondes ): |: A, Hm, D, A: |
- With or Without You (U2 ): |: D, A, Hm, G: |
Also, is found in all canon a harmonious ( and melodic ) ostinato.
Similar terms in jazz
A related term (but not the same ) in Jazz is the vamp who referred to an accompanying figure, which is usually in a short melodic or harmonic sequence. Also harmonic ostinatos occur in the so-called turnaround. See also jazz standards.