Turolian

Turolium is a regional level in the terrestrial Neogene of Europe. It corresponds to the zone MN 11, 12 and 13 of the European land mammal chronology ( ELMMZ = " European Land Mammal Mega - Zones" ). The Turolium is underlain by Vallesium and overlaid by Ruscinium.

History and type locality

The stage was proposed by Miquel Crusafont i PAIRO 1965. It is named after the Calatayud - Teruel Basin ( Catalonia ). Turolium is the Latin name of Teruel.

Definition

The lower limit is due to the insertion of the large mammal species Birgerbohlinia and Lucentia in the small mammals Parapodemus lugdunensis, Huerzelerimys vireti, Occitanomys sondaari. The stage ends (or begins Ruscinium ) with the first appearances of Sus arvernensis, Croizetoceros, Acinonyx and Felis issiodorensis ( large mammals ) and Promimomys, Trilophomys, Celadensia and Castor (small mammals). The stage is correlated with the chronostratigraphic stages of the Upper Tortonian, the Messinian and the lowest part of the Zancleum. This corresponds in geochronology the period 8.7 to 4.9 million years ago.

Subdivision

The stage is 12 and 13 divided into three biozones MN 11. Accordingly, the stage is divided into Lower, Middle and Upper Turolium.