Typha latifolia

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Broad-leaved cattail ( Typha latifolia )

Broad-leaved cattail ( Typha latifolia ) ( Griech. Typhe = name of several cattail species; lat = broadleaf latifolius ), is a plant belonging to the family of the cattail plants ( Typhaceae ).

Description of the plant

It is a perennial, herbaceous plant with a horizontal and fairly superficial crawling in the mud, thick, soft rhizome. The flowering period of this species extends from June to August. The stalk round and leafy stem is stiff upright and is 1.5 to 3 m high.

The leaves are 1-2 cm wide, blue-green, blunt - linear, slightly arched at the back, entire, glabrous, erect standing and arranged in two rows, with open, non- mature sheaths that cover the stems.

The stem ends with a bulb-shaped inflorescence. This bears only female black brown flowers in the lower part. The upper part is formed of only male flowers. Pollination is accomplished by the wind. With the maturity of seeded nutlets stretches the stem of the ovary, the gaps are filled with densely woolly masses of hair until later replace groups of fruits as small Wollklümpchen.

The rhizomes ( " rhizomes " ) are rich in starch and edible after boiling.

Ecology

The Broadleaf cattail is a perennial marsh or aquatic plant and a Schlammwurzler with rhizome. All parts (except pistons) are equipped with a ventilation tissue or aerenchyma.

The flowers are monoecious, wind-pollinated and strictly vorweiblich the " Immovable type". The spadix is provided below with thousands of naked, female flowers and top with as many male flowers. The pollen stays together in tetrads. Bloom time is from May to July.

The fruits are tiny, 1.2 mm long nuts, which form a dark brown flask to maturity, which is referred to as " reed cigar " or " lamplighter ". The fruit stems are hairy and dismiss the crops during drought as Schirmchenflieger long. Your sink rate is approximately 13cm / s For this, we hydropower, swimming and editing spread. The fruits are cold to germinate. Fruit ripening is from September to October. Found on newly created by excavating ponds as one of the first Neubesiedler also the Rohkolben one.

Vegetative reproduction occurs by the short stolon -like rhizomes.

Dissemination

General Distribution: Northern Temperate Zone and the tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres, but not in Central and South Africa, southern Asia, Polynesia and Australia.

This species is found very often in the reed zone of standing and slowly flowing waters. She prefers doing swamps, ditches, the banks of lakes and ponds and grows up to a water depth of two meters. It contributes to siltation and sedimentation of riparian zones or the entire body of water.

Occasionally grows Broadleaf Cattail also together with the significantly slimmer built narrow-leaved cattail. More often come pure stands in front of each of these species.