Vibrio
Vibrios is a slang term for species of the genus Vibrio. It is Gram-negative bacteria, facultative anaerobic, curved rods. The flagella are usually arranged polar. Outlasting such spores are not generated. Most species live in fresh or salt water. Two species are pathogenic to humans, the known cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Features
The best-known species, Vibrio cholerae, is the causative agent of cholera. There are two tribes, the traditional tribe and the El Tor strain. Infection with the El Tor strain run usually easier and end more rarely fatal. Another important pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a kind that is transmitted especially in Japan by seafood or raw fish and Brechdurchfall disease produced ( gastroenteritis).
Some marine species such as Vibrio anguillarum to cause disease in fish and cause great damage in fish farms. Vibrio ordalii has also been found in diseased fish.
Also producers of strong nerve poison tetrodotoxin ( TTX) or anhydro - TTX were detected in this genus. Anhydrotetrodotoxin is a slightly different in molecular structure variant of this poison. Production of TTX has been detected, for example in Vibrio alginolyticus, anhydro - TTX also in Vibrio fischeri. This bacterium is now called on the current system as Aliivibrio fischeri. Probably are responsible for the toxic species of Vibrio production of various puffer fish ( Tetraodontidae ). So Vibrio alginolyticus was in the puffer fish Fugu vermicularis ssp. vermicularis found. However, the Tetrodotoxinbildung was called into question by vibrios.
Types (selection)
- Vibrio alginolyticus ( Miyamoto et al., 1961) Sakazaki 1968
- Vibrio anguillarum Bergeman 1909
- Vibrio cholerae Pacini 1854
- Vibrio harveyi ( Johnson & Shunk 1936) Baumann, et al. 1981
- Vibrio ordalii Schiewe et al. 1982
- Vibrio natriegens ( Payne et al. 1961) Baumann, et al. 1981 comb. nov.
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( Fujino et al. 1951) Sakazaki et al. 1963
- Vibrio vulnificus ( Reichelt et al., 1979) Farmer 1980
No more to the genus Vibrio includes the previously designated as Vibrio fischeri Aliivibrio fischeri ( Beijerinck 1889) Urbanczyk et al., 2007.