Võro language

Spoken in

• Uralic Finno - Ugric Finno - Permian Finno - Sami Baltic Finnish Võro

Et ( Estonian )

Est ( Estonian )

Vro ( Võro ), est ( macro language, Estonian )

Võro ( Võro Kiil ) is traditionally viewed as a dialect of Estonian. However, some authors also speak of a self- Finno-Ugric language, the South-Estonian, which belongs to the Finnish branch of the Finno -Ugric languages. Võro is now promoted as an indigenous regional language of Estonia by the Estonian state and has about 70,000 speakers, who live mainly in the south of Estonia.

The historic Võromaa consists of eight municipalities Karula, Harglõ, Urvastõ, Rõugõ, Kanepi, Põlva, Räpinä and Vahtsõliina. These communities are mainly parts of the counties Võru and Põlva, with small parts also extend into the districts of Valga and Tartu.

History

Võro deemed to be the least affected by the North Estonian dialects, which have shaped the Standardestnisch. Võro was talked about earlier also south and east of the historic Võromaa ( in present-day Latvia and Russia). Compared with other South-Estonian dialects as Mulgi, Tartu and Seto Võro has retained most of its characteristic properties.

One of the earliest texts in a South-Estonian language is a translation of the New Testament ( Wastne Testament), which was published in 1686. 1885 published John Hurt reading the most important book in Võro, the Wastne Voronezh Keeli ABD Raamat. Beginning of the 20th century saw the dominance of the Standardestnischen as a state language of the Republic of Estonia, founded in 1918 for a strong loss of importance of Võro as a written language. It was not until the early 1990s, it was revived.

Current Situation

Due to the efforts of the Institute Võro Võro is now standardized. The language is taught in 26 schools. There are Uma Leht a bimonthly newspaper in Võro.

Orthography

Võro used (as well as Estonian and Finnish) the Latin alphabet. Most of the letters (especially ä, ö, ü and õ ) denote the same sounds as in Standardestnisch. Following in Standardestnischen rarely used letters stand for other sounds: q is a glottal sound ( glottal stop ), y is a vowel similar to the Russian ы, and the acute 'identifies the palatalization of consonants: h, k, l, n, s, t etc. in typographic problems can be ' set (as in Uma Leht ) instead of Akuts substitute an apostrophe.

In Võro all consonants can be palatalized except j and q.

Differences to Standardestnischen

• In Võro there is, as among other things, in the Finnish and other Uralic languages ​​or the Turkish language as a language nichturalischer the phenomenon of vowel harmony.
• There are differences in the morphology. For example, the Standardestnische is the third person singular by adding the ending -b to the inflectional stem Võro however, either by the omission of a suffix or appending the ending- s:

Among the Baltic-Finnic languages ​​have such a double verb conjugation only in Võro, in Setukesischen and Karelian.

• Some words from everyday language, there are also differences:

• In Võro the Verneinungsverb follows the verb to negating, in Standardestnischen it comes to negating the verb requires: