Wheelchair basketball

Wheelchair basketball is a sport for disabled and discipline of the Paralympics. In addition to people with physical disabilities and non-disabled people may play. The rules are similar to those of the classical basketball and some adjustments to the requirements of wheelchair use. As one of the most important here is to call the classification system that establishes a balance between players with varying degrees of disabilities.

Game Description

Each team consists of five field and up to seven substitutes. The game is played 4 × 10 minutes. After the first and third quarters of a two-minute, after the second quarter is inserted a fifteen minute break. There is according to the fourth quarter of a tie, an extension of five minutes is inserted. This is repeated if necessary until the decision of the game.

The aim of the game is to score the most points by hitting the basket with the ball. The hits are counted by doing the following:

• A hit with a free throw is worth one ( 1) point.
• A hit within the three point line counts two (2) points.
• A hit outside the three point line counts three (3) points

Each team has 24 seconds each time to get a basket. If it is possible within this time not to play the ball at least toward the ring, then the game goes right over to the opposing party.

As in the pedestrian basketball players must dribble even when wheelchair basketball when they have control of the ball. If the player draws more than twice the gripping ring without dribbling, then this is considered a " thrust fault " ( equivalent to step error). Moreover, it is the player is not allowed to touch the playing surface with his feet during the game. The ball must be within 8 seconds in the other half of the field and the 3 seconds rule (the player can not be longer than 3 seconds remain in the opponent's zone ) is considered as the conventional basketball. Exception is if the players in the zone in a throwing motion is or has his hands up. Even if you no longer comes by blocking an opponent out of the zone, there is usually less than three seconds.

The fouls there are also no difference. After the 5th foul, unsportsmanlike foul or the second, a player has " ausgefoult ," meaning that he is no longer allowed to participate in the running game. It is not forbidden any contact, but may not, as in wheelchair rugby, are retained and subsequently forced.

The game is played on a standard basketball court with normal rack height of 3.05 m.

Functional classification

The functional classification of the player strikes a balance between people with different levels of disability. It is this distinction depending on the degree of disability between eight levels. The measurement is based on the ability to perform different movements. The lowest score and thus the highest disability level, the 1.0 dar. Completely unrestricted players are rated 4.5. The subdivision is done in steps of 0.5. In mixed teams women will also receive a general point deduction of 1.5 or 1.0 points. A woman can thus achieve a negative score.

1 -point players can not move and exert little or no trunk control the legs. The sitting balance is both forward and sideways significantly hindered and they use the arms to return to an upright position when they have lost the balance. These players lose their balance and in contact situations rebounden usually over the head with one hand.

2 -point players usually have no leg function, but some have a trunk control to the front. You do not have free lateral movement or twist. They have limited seating stability in contact situations, often grab the hands to a wheelchair or to the thigh to stay upright in collision.

3 -point players have some leg function and normal body functions when bending forward to the ground during erection as well as some Rumpftorsion. The players do not have good core stability to the side; However, they sit stable in contact situations and can without difficulty with both hands rebounden over your head.

4-point players have normal body functions, but due to certain weaknesses in the leg functions they are unable to perform controlled trunk movements to both sides in the same way stable at wheelchair contact and the rebound, with normal forward and torsional.

4.5 -point players are the least disabled on the field. Usually they only have minor restrictions on the legs or a unilateral transtibial amputation. You are normal trunk movement in all directions possible and they are very stable in all contact situations.

There are players who do not fit exactly into one of the categories of the classification system. In these cases, the classifier add or subtract half a point to a specific class. This creates player ratings of 1.5 points, 2.5 and 3.5 points. The team total score of 14 but must not be exceeded. An exception Austrian League and the 1st and 2nd Bundesliga and the Regional in Germany. There may be drawn up 14.5 points.

History

Wheelchair basketball was invented in 1946 by former basketball players in the U.S. who still wanted to continue their sport after war injuries. Meanwhile, it is played in an estimated 80 countries from more than 25,000 disabled ( and sometimes non-disabled ) men and women.

The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation is the international governing body. Since 1993, this is an independent sports organization with more than 50 Member States. Wheelchair basketball is 1960 Paralympic sport since the Paralympics in Rome.

International Competitions

Wheelchair basketball is since 1960 part of the Paralympic Summer Games. The gold medal at the Paralympic Games in Athens in 2004 won Canada (men ) and the USA (women).

In the four-year rolling the IWBF condemn the world championships in wheelchair basketball. 2006 found the World Championships held in Amsterdam, the reigning world champion is Canada ( men / women ).

Since 1970 ( men) and 1987 ( women) the IWBF Europe tailors European Championships in wheelchair basketball. The European Championships in wheelchair basketball will be held every two years and are at the same time qualifying tournament for the taking place in the four -year cycle Paralympic Games and the Wheelchair Basketball World Championships. 2007 European Championship from 23 August was held until September 2 in Germany, venue was the Rittal Arena in Wetzlar. Since 1994, the IWBF B- wearing (since 1994 ) and C European Championships (since 2001) for men's national teams by as qualifying tournaments for the next higher power group. Since 1999 there is also a European Championship U22 juniors. The most successful national teams at European level, the French men's national team and the German women's national team ( five European title ).

Reigning European champions (2013 ) are the United Kingdom ( Gentlemen ) and the Netherlands (women).

International club competitions

The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation ( the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation ) IWBF Europe carries three main competitions for club teams: the Champions Cup ( since 1976), the André- Vergauwen Cup (since 1986) and Willi Brinkmann Cup (since 1997 ). The allocation of starting positions per nation for these competitions substantiate from a three-year evaluation of this Nation Cup competitions as well as the ranking of the nation IWBF Europe. All three races will take place in a tournament with three preliminary groups and a final tournament.

The successful team is the RSV Lahn -Dill as a World Cup winner, runner-up World Cup winner, five-time Champions Cup winner, runner-up Champions Cup winner, WBC European champions ( Willi Brinkmann Cup), the 10 - time German Champion and German Cup etc. another top club team in Europe is the BC Verkerk Zwijndrecht to the former Dutch world-class player Gert -Jan van der Linden, who won between 1991 and 1996 the Champions Cup five times.

Club teams from Germany and German-speaking countries participated with great success in all three competitions: The RSV Lahn -Dill won by 2012 Champions Cup five times. The RSC turtlenecks Zwickau won the 2004 and 2006 the André Vergauwen Cup. More German teams could once each entry in the list of winners: 1991 won the BSG Duisburg first German team this Cup 1992 won the UBC Münster, 1999, the ASV Bonn the André Vergauwen Cup. The Willi Brinkmann Cup brought the ASV Bonn (2009), the RSV Lahn -Dill (2002) and the SG Heidelberg - Kirchheim (2001) once each by Germany.

As the first team from Switzerland during 2005 Pilatus Dragons Willi Brinkmann Cup win. The best placement of an Austrian team reached the RSV Salzburg with a fifth place in the Champions Cup. The most famous Turkish team Galatasaray won in 2011 for the third time IWBF Champions Cup.