Word stem
The term stem or short stem is used differently. Common to the various uses of that the root word of part of a word is, on the other words (or word forms ) can be obtained.
Strain as a lexical core
With ' root word ' or ' root ' ( or root word, root word, root, root morpheme Grundmorphem, lexical morpheme ) is sometimes called the lexical "core" of a word. It involves the part of a word that can not be further decomposed (ie, a morpheme ) constituted and the context of a word family.
Examples:
- { } is drinking root morpheme of water, Drink, drink, drink drink, drinking, drowning
- { house } is the root word of residence, domesticated, live, house, door behausen,
- { Knitting } is the root word of knitting needle, knitting patterns, knitting, knit halter, entangled, ensnared, umstrickend
Strain as a morphological basis
With ' root word ', or ' root ' is often also referred to the form that serves as the basis for the formation of inflected word forms, typically by adding affixes. A tribe can you ever an inflected word form represent, for example, a dream; by appending the Flexionsaffixes - outcome for the genitive singular of the root dream.
Examples:
- Dream is the root of inflected word forms Dream ( nominative singular )
- Dream ( genitive singular)
- Dream ( dative singular),
- Dream ( accusative singular), etc.
- Snore (1st person singular present )
- Snore (2nd person singular present )
- Snoring (3rd person singular present ), etc.
In contrast to the ' ordinary ' as a lexical core of a word ( see above), tribes can also be complex (for example, childhood dream ) according to this definition. Here the connection to the above stem term is clear: tribes as lexical core of a word are always simple strains. According to simple strains are referred to as ' root ' and complex strains as a ' core group ' in Eisenberg (1998).
Whether vowel change ( Apophonie, in German, for example, ablaut and umlaut ) each have their own original forms are accepted or whether a single strain is adopted, which is changed by a morphological operation depends on the used morphological theory. Suppose, for example, that the plural by affixation and vowel change is marked, then the root of the inflected word form dreams ( nominative plural) is the same form as for the singular, namely dream. If, however, assume that word forms only of a concatenation of word components (more precisely morphs ) exist, we must in this case take two strains, namely, dream and keep dreaming.
Sometimes an Extended family term is used to describe the various forms that can occur in derivation and compounding as a base. Thus, a distinction is made according to inflectional, Derivationsstämmen and composition stems of a lexeme. So would dream and keep dreaming Flexionsstammformen, Träum the Derivationsstammform (as in dreamer or dreamy ) and dream the composition root form (eg in Traumtänzer ) of the lexeme DREAM. Child is flexion and Derivationsstammform, child, child, child and children are the parent forms of composition (such as in child-woman, child parent, children's children, and children ) of the lexeme CHILD.