Wrench

A wrench is a hand tool for tightening or loosening of screws and nuts with different driving profiles. Spanners are put on the drive sections or recesses of the jacket surface of the connecting elements and is actuated in rotation. Screwing that are frontally into the drive profile ( short profile ) of the connecting elements inserted and operated in the direction of rotation, called contrast, screwdriver ( colloquial) or screwdriver.

The size of a wrench is characterized by the key length. With a wrench with wrench size 17, the two parallel surfaces at a distance of 17 mm. The key length is imprinted as a number on the respective side of the key.

The inner profile of a wrench is manufactured in high quality tool with the procedure rooms.

Types of wrenches

Open-ended or open-end wrench

A common type is the fork - end or combination wrench. This can be hexagonal or square bolt heads or nuts rotate or special fasteners with only two mutually parallel key areas. The key mouth is usually angled by 15 ° with respect to the tool axis to facilitate the attachment of the key in confined working space. And an angle of 75 °, in use. The size of the mouth opening of the wrench is stamped on the tool in mm values - when using the Anglo-American system of measurement in inches and fractions of inch.

A special form of open-end wrench are those with adjustable key width, for example, the adjustable wrench, colloquially known Englishman and the Frenchman colloquially called tool and other adjustment key.

Another special form is the open-ended spanner with ratchet function. The two cheeks of the open-end wrench are dimensioned so that they can take the ratchet mechanism. Thus, the key can turn freely in one direction, and in the other direction the nut / bolt is clamped and rotated.

Key ring

Another wrench is the box wrench, which can be provided with an annular hexagonal or double hexagonal profile. For technical and competitive reasons ( improved power transfer, opening new market opportunities ) have been developed in recent years, further profiles for new fasteners; become known are splined and Torx profile. The ring encloses the wrench, the profile of the screw head or nut in the interest of adhesion as completely as possible. The ring, or the wrench head can be angled for ergonomic reasons, cranked or bent low. Open ring wrench have a slot must be massive to achieve the necessary stability and serve primarily for attracting automotive brake line connecting nuts.

A combination of open-ended spanner and ring spanner is called combination spanners.

Block cipher, also starter ( and ) block, called keys, are key ring having an arcuate lever and thin rings, which improve the accessibility when space is limited about of automotive engine blocks.

Ratchet ring spanner

Key ring with integrated ratchet, so a freewheel serve for faster screws without händisches repositioning of the key. Versions with one-way ratchet are plane built to serve for both helical directions, often laterally slightly asymmetrical, which reveals the ratcheting direction well, or are provided with a transverse articulated. Angled Ratschenringsschlüsssel have a ratchet in both directions and are most often riveted legs of two layers of sheet metal plus liner. Hinged ratchet wrench open with a ring half and jammed similarly leverage as a pipe wrench.

Socket wrench / pipe wrench

One-piece pipe wrench (pipe wrench ) have approximately the shape of a pipe section at the ends, for example, Allen contours that fit the desired screw heads or nuts, are formed. They can be operated with stability, possibly in diameter multistage pivot pins which are inserted in the transverse bores. Formed of drawn tube are thin-walled, hollow axially and thus easier and cheaper. Solid forged are more expensive, more stable and are along the slimmer center not only two cross holes but often a long, possibly slightly twisted hexagonal for attaching an open-end wrench on.

Flexible use are Socket Sets ( colloquially known as "nuts" ) with various drive components such as plug handle, hinge handle, T-handle, angled handle, crank or ratchet, in which the actual tool part ( colloquially referred to as a nut or socket wrench ) is exchangeable. Through additional spacers can also press fasteners in hard-to -reach places. The tube socket wrenches over sockets have the disadvantage that the length of the protruding from a rotating nut to the threaded portion is limited.

Common forms of Sockets ( colloquially "nuts" ) are:

On the drive side Four edge with wrench size 1/4 ", 3/ 8", 1 /2 ", 3/ 4" and 1 ".
On the working side hexagon, double hexagon head, Torx and Nutmutternschlüssel. Special swinging - hexagonal versions burden the parent edges and are thus less friendly.

Special forms of the socket wrench are:

Cross Key in the four-slot keys are arranged as rectangular cross.
Torque wrench for accurate application of a defined tightening force.
Socket wrench screwdriver, a combination of socket wrench ( or nut ) with a screwdriver handle

Hook spanner / Sprocket

For tightening locknuts with radial grooves there is a separate wrench for each diameter. Jointed hook key cover a certain diameter range. Key to turning locknuts with 2 or 4 frontal grooves, such as in ancient 5x racing pinions are called Sprocket.

Face spanner

For two-hole nuts with front holes there face spanner, with such long legs adjustable at the Circle or a joint closer to the pins. With a fixed distance from sheet metal with welded pins to rotate the hole nut on angle grinders they are also called Flanschschlüssel, with low or high offset for Grinding or high grinding pots. Although angle grinders for disks 110-230 mm diameter are all the same shot with 22.2 mm diameter and 14 mm screw, 3 hole distances are at least customary nuts with 2 pairs of holes at different distances are common.

Rare to find nuts with radial holes in cylinder jacket of the mother, the need suitably shaped key - as with expandable straps or hook shape. In the simplest form 3 times to sharp bending a stiff wire, such as a bicycle spoke made .

Hole nuts can be found because of the ease of production both on heavy machinery, as well as for reasons of space to motorcycle exhaust pipes, bicycle tax rates and fine optics as in microscopes.

Key with face hole for screws with central spike

Usual opening widths

For metric fittings the following key width (SW ) are common ( see ISO 272) are. The designations M1, M2, etc. are available for metric ISO thread (ISO 1502 or DIN 13-1). The transition from old to new standard took place in Germany and Austria in 1992, but in practice it is not yet fully implemented.

4 mm for screw M2
5 mm for screw M2, 5
5.5 mm for screw M3
6 mm for screw M3, 5
7 mm for screw M4
8 mm for screw M5
9 mm
10 mm for screw M6
11 mm for screw M7 ( eg older French cars)
12 mm
13 mm for screw M8
14 mm ( was old standard for M8)
15 mm for axle nuts on bicycles
16 mm for screw M10
17 mm ( was old standard for M10, " 17er " is a synonym for area, a bottle opener )
18 mm for screw M12
19 mm ( was old standard for M12)
20 mm
21 mm
22 mm for screw M14
23 mm
24 mm for M16
25 mm
26 mm
27 mm for screw M18
28 mm
30 mm for M20
32 mm for screw M22, protection cap hexagon ( high pressure) gas bottle
34 mm (rare)
36 mm for screw M24
41 mm for screw M27
46 mm for screw M30
50 mm for screw M33
55 mm for screw M36
60 mm for screw M39
65 mm for screw M42
70 mm for screw M45
75 mm for screw M48
80 mm for screw M52
85 mm for screw M56
90 mm for screw M60
95 mm for screw M64
100 mm for screw M68
105 mm for screw M72
110 mm for screw M76
115 mm for screw M80
130 mm for screw M90
145 mm for screw M100

Swell

Clockwise Monkey wrench

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