X86-64#Intel 64

Intel ( EM64T once called " Extended Memory 64 Technology " for short, earlier also IA32e ) 64 is the extension of the IA- 32 architecture with the ability, directly more than 4 GiB of memory addressing and 64- bit AMD64 commands perform.

History

Due to the market success of the AMD64 processors and the growing amount of AMD64 software, Intel decided that ( were former names IA32e or EM64T) 64 has long been developed under the codename Yamhill and Clackamas Technology Intel finally in the NetBurst architecture integrate. So CPUs were treated with NetBurst architecture in the situation, without deal using PAE (Physical Address Extension to 36 -bit) with more than 4 GiB of memory and also run the AMD64 known as extended x86 instructions.

The line of mobile processors has been extended with the Intel Core 2 Intel to 64. The processors of the Core 2 line come with the move away from the NetBurst architecture in desktop and server machines.

Intel had long spoken out against AMD64, because you did not want to jeopardize the position of its own 64 -bit IA-64 architecture. But we had to give in to the pressure of the market, since among other things Microsoft did not want to maintain two 64-bit versions of its Windows operating system for client systems. Already been delivered IA -64 -based versions of Windows client systems were not developed any further after Umschwenk on Intel 64. Since April 2010, the redevelopment of the server software for the IA-64 architecture has been set, which is attributable to a decline in demand.

Differences

Some instructions behave in Intel 64 unlike AMD64 or are not present at all. However, these are relevant mainly for programmers of compilers and operating systems. Another difference between AMD64 and Intel CPUs 64 CPUs is the Intel 64 missing IOMMU unit. This means that Intel 64 (especially 32 -bit PCI devices) to memory areas above 4 GiB are (unlike AMD64) no direct memory access (DMA ) devices that do not support 64 -bit addressing possible. Instead, the operating system kernel has this ability to emulate in software and write the data first in buffer below the 4 GiB limit. However, currently only use some Linux versions this function.

CPUs with Intel 64

  • Intel Pentium 4 ( From F-models with Prescott core )
  • Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (from Prescott 2M core)
  • Intel Pentium D
  • Intel Pentium Extreme Edition
  • Intel Celeron ( Conroe -L core from )
  • Intel Celeron D
  • Intel Celeron M ( from Merom core)
  • Intel Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Duo Extreme, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Quad Extreme
  • Intel Core i- series
  • Intel Pentium Dual- Core ( not Yonah core (Socket M) )
  • Intel Xeon ( Nocona from core)
  • Intel Atom (except Z500 and N200 series)
IA-32 X86-64 Itanium#Architecture
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