Xerocomus subtomentosus
Goats lip ( Xerocomus subtomentosus )
The goats lip or Woolly Boletus ( Xerocomus subtomentosus syn. Boletus subtomentosus ) is a mushroom of the family of Dickröhrlingsverwandten. Some authors place the kind of the genus Boletus (Boletus ) to.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat is cushion -shaped, at the age he flattens somewhat, but is never completely flat. It reaches a diameter of between three and ten centimeters. The coloration is very variable. It ranges from yellow- greenish to brownish olive above; also yellow brown or dark tones olivbräunliche occur. Young specimens are already relatively dark and fade little later. The surface is initially frosted olivaceous - yellow and remains long velvety- tomentose. The hat skin tears hardly noticeable.
The tubes have a bright golden yellow, only at the age they are tinted slightly greenish yellow. At the beginning they are quite small, at the age they can be up to two millimeters in size. Bruising run to blue. The spore powder is colored olive brown.
The stem is three to eight inches long and between 0.5 and 2 inches thick. He is slim and robust built and cylindrical in shape, but may be somewhat thickened at the base. The ranges in color from pale yellow to pale brownish yellow. In the middle to upper part it is often tinged with brownish or reddish. Brownish lines in the upper part are often visible on the surface, which may also constitute a network pattern; they are formed by flakes or cores. Rarely the stem is completely smooth. The mycelium at the base is whitish to pale yellow.
The meat ( Trama ) is bright yellow. The stem is the color downwards strong or ocher- yellow to reddish brown. There is very little discoloration at injury; rarely it is clear blue. The meat does not have a particular smell and taste mild.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are spindle- shaped and measuring 11 to 16 × 4 to 5.5 microns; the ratio between length and width is usually more than 3.2. The clavate basidia are 25-35 (40 ) × 7 to 10 microns in size. The cystidia are rounded to fusiform shape of a bottle and at the top; they measure 35 to 60 × 7 to 11 microns. The Hutdeckschicht has erect hyphae with brownish yellow end cells. These are long and thin (40 × 15 microns).
Artabgrenzung
The goats lip has many manifestations and is therefore not always easy to recognize. Similar is the Rotfußröhrling ( Xerocomellus chrysenteron ) if it has little reds. This, however, has a more gray-brown, sometimes with cracks laced cap, less glowing pores and a sour taste. The Schmarotzerröhrling ( Pseudoboletus parasiticus ) grows on the Thick- leagues Kartoffelbovist. Other similar species are the brown Filzröhrling and Xerocomus chrysonemus (X. ferrugineus syn X. spadiceus. ); see the section systematics.
Ecology
The goats lip is a mycorrhizal fungus that is preferred in various European beech forests, especially Luzulo and woodruff-beech forests to meet. In addition, it occurs in acidophilous spruce - fir forests and rarely in oak-hornbeam forests. In applied by the people spruce forests is the mushroom to be found. In parks, gardens and similar biotopes he appears less frequently.
The fruiting bodies appear in mid to northern Europe in the summer and fall, rare in spring. The center of gravity is between July and October. They grow it rather single standing.
Dissemination
The goats lip is meridionally to boreal, possibly spread boreo - subtropical. It is found in North America, Europe, North Africa, Central Asia, Japan, and probably also in Indonesia. In Europe, the species is found everywhere except in the northernmost regions. In Germany it is quite evenly distributed, and apparently is slightly more common in the south.
System
In the form of a circle around the lip goats sometimes some other species are recognized, which are to be distinguished by different hat colors, stick textures, chemical reactions and mycorrhizal partners. So first was occasionally the brown Filzröhrling (X. ferrugineus syn. X. spadiceus ) distinguished. However, many authors looked at him only as a variation of the goats lip because transitions were observed in the distinctive features mentioned above. Molecular genetic studies have shown, however, that there are in fact different ways. It differs from the type species by a brown hat verkahlenden faster, lighter meat and a more variable surface finish of the stem. In addition, the mycelium on the stem base is stronger yellow. Furthermore, the type Xerocomus chrysonemus was discovered. It differs mainly by a length -to-width ratio of the spores, which usually is not more than 2.3. He has pale to intense yellow flesh and yellow gold Basalmycel. The type has been detected only in the UK.