Yisroel Salanter

Israel Salanter (actually: Israel Lipkin, born November 3, 1810 in Žagarė, Russian Empire, now Lithuania; † 2 February 1883 in Königsberg in Prussia ) was a Jewish scholar, Talmudist, Rabbi and founder of the religious- ethical Mussar school. He called for a more intense combination of Halacha and ethics in theory and everyday practice of Orthodoxy.

Doctrine and life

Israel Salanter was the son of a rabbi, received a traditional Jewish education and studied the Talmud. According to the former practice, he married at the age of 13 years, the daughter of a respected man in Salant. According to this city where he spent many years as a student of Rabbi Hirsch Braude and Rabbi Sundel and taught, he received his name by which he is known today. In addition to the Jewish religion, he studied at the same time philosophy, mathematics and natural sciences.

Salanters main concern was the moral purification, self-realization and self-perfection. Neither rabbinical studies alone nor Hasidism correspond to his idea of ​​escapism and self-denial, however, are much more likely to perfect themselves. Joy and gladness he considered sinful carelessness.

At the same time, in which the Jewish Enlightenment wanted to break the chains of tradition, warned Israel Salanter to observe the religious commandments. As head of the Ramailes Yeshiva (named after Rabbi Mailo ) in Vilna he began in 1840 to form groups for the study of Mussar, but developed a partly idiosyncratic understanding of religious rules by, for example, he cholera in 1848, the law of fasting on Yom Kippur picked up and publicly in the synagogue took a meal.

In the same year he moved to Kovno, where he retired into solitude and intensively studied, and later he lived in various European cities (Königsberg, Memel, Paris) and remained constantly striving to popularize the Talmudic studies.

In Memel he gave in 1861 the magazine Hatewuna ( "Reason " ) out.

His son Lipman Lipkin (1842-1875) was a noted mathematician and inventor.

Works (selection)

  • Sepher Mesilath Jescharim, Königsberg 1858 ( Luzzatto Edition)
  • Imre Bina, 1878 ( presentation of his basic teachings )
  • Ez peri, 1880
  • Ewen Yisroel, Warsaw 1883 ( " Rock of Israel " )

Literature (selection )

  • E. Binyamin, R. Isr Lipkin Salant, 1899
  • H. N. Maggid, Ir Wilna, 1900
  • S. Rosenfeld, R. Israel Salanter, 1911 (Hebrew )
  • Wininger 1925 et seq Vol IV
  • Isaac Markon, articles LIPKIN, ISRAEL, in: Jewish Encyclopedia, Berlin 1927, Vol III
  • Menahem G. Glenn, Rabbi Israel Salanter. Religious - Ethical Thinker. The Story of a Religious - Ethical Current In Nineteenth Century Judaism, 1953
  • Rabbi
  • Born in 1810
  • Died in 1883
  • Man
  • Person ( Žagarė )
Halakha Haskalah Yom Kippur Kaunas Moshe Chaim Luzzatto Integrated Authority File
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