Yuri Rytkheu

Yuri Sergeyevich Rytcheu (often Juri Rytchëu written to clarify the correct pronunciation, Russian: Юрий Сергеевич Рытхэу, scientific transliteration Yuri Sergeevič Rytchėu, born March 8, 1930 in Uelen, Chukotka, Russian Far East, † 14 May, 2008 St. Petersburg, Russia ) was a russian and tschuktschischsprachiger tschuktschischer writer.

Life and work

The son of a hunter went first in the regional capital Anadyr, where he was an employee of the newspaper " Sovetskaya Chukotka ". In 1949 he began university studies in Leningrad, where he among other things, Works of Pushkin and other Russian classics in the language Tschuktschische transferred. 1953 his first anthology was published under the title " Ljudi naschego berega " ("People from our shores "). With " Tschukotskaja Saga " ( " Чукотская сага " / Tschuktschische Sage) appeared in 1956, his first novel. Many other works followed until the end of the 80s. Rytcheu lived at St. Petersburg, but mainly in Anadyr.

He was the only representative of the so-called national literatures of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North, who had succeeded internationally to achieve a certain notoriety, largely while most other indigenous writers such as Tschuner Taksami, Vladimir Sangi, Jeremej Aipin, Juwan Schestalow today have been forgotten. Rytcheus novels have been translated into several languages ​​and partly filmed. The German translations of his novels have been published in the Zurich Unionsverlag.

Literary work

Before perestroika

Until perestroika Rytcheu recorded as the most representative of the government-sponsored " national literatures ", especially by extensive regime loyalty and ideological reliability. These early works were almost exclusively published in Russian, and never translated. The subject of his works from the 70s that are strongly influenced by social realism, mostly represents the " long journey " of the indigenous peoples of the north from the " backwardness " in the Soviet civilization represents and thus belongs in a genre that essentially was challenged and encouraged by the Soviet state.

His works should primarily serve the demonstration of progress, the hunters, fishermen and reindeer nomads of the Arctic had reached thanks to the wise leadership of the Communist Party. Another issue is the demonstration of Soviet patriotism, as occurring in his books Chukch and Eskimo heroes tirelessly participate in the protection of their home against the as violent, cursing and raping shown Americans. Shamans are often presented in this context as American agents.

Since perestroika

In the 80s changed the tone of his works, first by Rytcheu raised about the figure of the shaman to the positive figure and dared to put the word "civilization" for the first time in quotation marks and later by during and after Perestroika how many other national writers also practiced, open criticism by denouncing about the treatment of indigenous peoples as a "silent genocide".

Works (selection)

  • Ljudi našego berega, 1953 ( German people from our shores, 1954)
  • Imja celoveka, 1955
  • (Eng. The old Memyl laughs best ( stories ), 1955 )
  • Čukotskaja saga, 1956
  • Vremya tajanija Snegov, 1958-67 (German farewell to the Gods, 1960)
  • Proščanie s bogami, 1961
  • V doline malen'kich zajčikov, 1962
  • Nunivak, 1963
  • Volšebnaja ruklavica, 1963
  • Ajvangu, 1964
  • Samye Krasivye korabli, 1967
  • Vėkėt i Agnes (German Weket and Agnes, 1975)
  • Povelitel ' vetrov, 1968 ( German Lord of the Winds, 1979)
  • Son v načale tumana, 1970 ( German Dream in Polar Fog )
  • Inej na poroge, 1971 ( German Polar Fire, 2007)
  • Metatel'nica garpuna, 1973
  • Belye snega, 1975
  • Konec večnoj merzloty, 1975
  • Kak iskali Poljarnyj pitcher, 1977 ( dt Joo studied the Arctic Circle, 1981)
  • Sovremennye legendy, 1980 Kogda kity uchodjat ( dt If the whales move away )
  • Teryky (German Teryky, German Translated by Waltraud Ahrndt, with illustrations by Franz Zauleck, Verlag Volk und Welt, Berlin 1989 ISBN 3-353-00513-7; further editions in German language in the Union Verlag, Zurich, last in 2003 ISBN 3 -293-20257-8 )
  • Irvytgyr
  • Lunnyj p'es (Eng. The moon dog, amendment 120 pp., 2005)
  • Anna Odincova (Eng. The journey of Anna Odintsof, 2002)
  • V zerkale zabvenija ( dt In the Mirror of Madness, 1999)
  • Kto doktora ubil? (Eng. Under the constellation of mourning, 1997)
  • Nepodvišnoe solnce (Eng. The woman at the lake, 2011)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug May 14 Anadyr (town) Yuvan Shestalov Integrated Authority File
458273
de