Adiponectin

• OMIM: 605441

• MGI: 106675

Adiponectin ( as GBP 28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30 hereinafter) is a peptide hormone which is formed in fat cells in humans and in animals. It regulates together with other adipokines ( Fettgewebshormone ) as leptin and insulin and other hormones, the feeling of hunger and food intake. Modulating the action of insulin on the fat cells.

Structure

Adiponectin consists of 244 amino acids and forms trimers, hexamers, or even 12-18 mers. It is structured collagen- like and contains the subunits ' collagen -like' (66 aa) and the complement factor C1q ( 107 aa).

Regulation and effects

Are the fat cells full, little adiponectin is produced. If they are empty, the production is increased. Obese have low adiponectin levels, which attenuates the effects of insulin.

Low levels of adiponectin increased in interaction with genetic factors increase the risk of diabetes mellitus and at the same time leads often long before the discovery of diabetes to vascular damage. People with a high adiponectin are protected from diabetes.

In animal studies, the breakdown of fat is accelerated at high doses of adiponectin. Women with increased plasma levels of adiponectin have an increased risk of developing dementia.