Agusan del Sur
Agusan del Sur is a province of the Philippines without access to the sea and belongs to the region of Caraga (Region XIII) on the island of Mindanao. Seat of the provincial government is Prosperidad.
- 4.1 city
- 4.2 communities
- 6.1 Origin of the name
- 6.2 Early History
- 6.3 Spanish period
- 6.4 Recent History
Geography
The province is, starting clockwise from the north, surrounded by the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental.
The largest river of the province is the Agusan River, which flows coming from Compostela Valley, Agusan del Sur from south to north. The river has twelve tributaries: Wawa, Gibong and Simulao River are eastern tributaries, while Ojot, Pusilao, Kasilayan, Libang, Maasam, Adgawan, Cawayan, Umayam and Ihaon River supply the Agusan River from the West. The tributaries are in turn fed by numerous streams and creeks.
In the southern half of the province, from the municipality of Veruela, is the Agusan Marsh, it is an area full of swamps and lakes. The largest is the Talacogon Lake. In addition to the wide river level rise in the east, the Diwata Mountains. Dominated the western region of the province by high mountain ranges that rise above sea level to over 2,000 meters.
Statistics
The municipalities of Loreto, La Paz, Esperanza and San Luis are the four largest municipalities in terms of its area, and take 60% of the total provincial area a. Santa Josefa, Talacogon have the smallest surface area.
Approximately 76%, a total of 6827.5 m km ², the province is declared as forest area, while 24% or 2137.5 km ², are used agriculturally. Over the years, the forest area has been greatly reduced due to industrial use.
The province has a total area of 8568 km ².
Wetlands of Agusan
Wetlands of Agusan is one of the most ecologically significant wetlands in the Philippines. The wetland is located in the heart of Mindanao, in the Agusan Basin, where the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary is located. The huge expansion of the swamp covers an area of the size of Metro Manila. It includes nearly 15 % of the national fresh water reserves in the form of wooded bog and swamp.
During the rainy season when the water level higher forms large lakes, are a large number of ducks in the Agusan marsh to nest. In the dry months, in turn, thousands of birds from distant Japan, China and Russia to the cold winter winds of Northern Asia come to escape. Over 200 different species spend part of the year in this swamp. This makes this region one of the main transit points for wild birds in Asia.
In the center of the marsh at times is a lake with an area of several square kilometers, fully water lilies, hyacinths and other aquatic plants, which together form a giant green carpet. In the dark-colored water innumerable specimens of catfish, carp, freshwater turtles and crocodiles live.
In Agusan marsh area also grows a special kind of naturally grown bonsai trees. You can reach from the area over the Baranggay Caimpogan or from New Visayas in the municipality of San Francisco.
A small community of ethnic Manobos has found a home deep in the swamp. They live on floating houses. The small buildings are made of bamboo and Nipapalmen which are lashed to hard wood blocks and raise the level of the bottom water and reduce. The marsh provides the Manobo everything need this to live.
Demographics and languages
In 2007, the province had a population of 609 447 people living in a total of 103 637 households. This is an increase of 44 558 persons, or 7.96 % compared to the census of 1995. The province thus is on the 43rd of Vital Statistics of the Philippines.
The population density is 61 people per km ². This is the sixth lowest in the country. Agusan del Sur is the most populous province of Caraga Region
The dominant religion is Christianity, with a share of 79 % alone Roman Catholic followers. More widespread religions are the Seventh- day Adventist Church, Iglesia ni Cristo, the, the Philippine Independent Church and the United Church of Christians in the Philippines.
Of the indigenous peoples are five highlight noteworthy: The Aeta who Mamanwa, the Bagobo, the Higaonon and the Manobo. The Manobos live along the present-day country roads and rivers towards the border with the province of Compostela Valley. The Higaonons are found mainly on the western banks of the Agusan River in the municipality of Esperanza towards the border with the province of Bukidnon.
The population of Agusan del Sur is mainly represented by immigrants from the Visayas who have mixed in the past few years with the native races. For this reason, the language Cebuano is the dominant dialect of the province.
Of the indigenous Manobo languages is represented in most of the population. In addition, the dialects Boholano, Ilonggo and English and Filipino are represented in the province.
Economy
According to statistics from the year 1995 75 % of the population is employed in agriculture or forestry. Rice occupies 243.85 km ² with the largest amount of acreage. Banana, coconut, wheat and corn are more widespread Nutzpflanzearten. In addition, the province produces palm oil, mainly in the municipality of Rosario, as well as rubber and rattan.
Despite the government's efforts to promote the livestock and poultry breeding, there is a strong deficit in the province of meat products. Meat must therefore be imported from Davao City and Cagayan de Oro.
Agusan del Sur is largely dependent on Surigao del Sur and other provinces, providing the population with seafood. However, freshwater fish can be grown or caught in the province, as Neochanna, catfish and tilapia.
The province also has deposits of gold, silver, limestone and marble.
Administrative divisions
Agusan del Sur is subdivided into 13 municipalities and a city independently managed.
The municipalities are in turn subdivided into a total of 314 barangays ( districts ). The province is assigned to a congressional district.
City
- Bayugan City
Communities
- Bunawan
- Esperanza
- La Paz
- Loreto
- Prosperidad
- Rosario
- San Francisco
- San Luis
- Santa Josefa
- Sibagat
- Talacogon
- Trento
- Veruela
Climate
The province is geographically situated below the typhoon belt, but is usually grazed by foothills of the low-pressure areas that form in typhoon as the Visayas and the province of Surigao del Norte. The climate map of the Philippines classifies the province under the climate type II
This climatic type has no dry season, but are given a significant rainy season, sometimes with heavy rains.
The maximum rainfall increase over the year and reach its peak in the months of October to January. In contrast, there is no specifically required to be stated dry month.
The average monthly rainfall is 355 mm, with an average temperature of 27.15 ° C. Areas of this climate type are found mostly along or near the eastern shores where they open the northeast monsoons.
History
Origin of the name
The name is derived from Agusan Agasan, a word of a local dialect, which means where the water flows. This designation refers to the great river, the Agusan River, which runs through the country from south to north to empty into the Bay of Butuan in the end. The river served as the main transportation option of the Spaniards in the center of the north-eastern Mindanao.
Early History
The level of Agusan was settled in ancient times by different communities, such as the Manobos and Higaonons. Archaeologists have discovered during excavations in the deeper levels of Agusan signs of a close relationship between this region and other Southeast Asian countries.
During the pre- Hispanic period, the culture of Agusan was marked by decisive influence of the Majapahit empire. This can be large effigy of a woman is in pure gold with the discovery of an eight- inch ( 200 mm ), which clearly corresponds to a Java Native American design and was excavated in the early 1920s at Maasam, Esperanza. In addition, several broken pitchers that were in Bah - bah, Prosperidad discovered, evidence that the area had an economic and cultural relationship with its neighbors in Southeast Asia.
The aborigines of Agusan del Sur were the ancestors of today's ethnic group of Maman, who were forced back by the first waves of immigration of Malays from Borneo, Celebes and Malaysia in the hinterland of the province. The immigrants, in turn, sought the protection of the jungle before the steady encroachments of the Moro pirates, the coastal regions of Mindanao made unsafe as a sailor.
Spanish period
1614 established the Order of St. Augustine as a missionary in Linao, near the present-day Bunawan. Missionary work was, however, severely hampered by the hostility of the surrounding Manobogruppen. At the height of the power of the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the middle of the 17th century, the Manobos of Agusan were level in an alliance with Sultan Kudarat. Linao was during the 1629 Caraga Revolt, as well as in 1649 attacked in Sumuroy revolt over again. Nevertheless, the mission held her upright to work in the 19th century.
Recent History
In the late 19th century had the mission of the Augustinian leave many of their territories, including those of the lower Agusan region, which had to be handed over to a re-established Jesuit Order. ( The Jesuits were banished by the Papal Edict of 1760 and sold in 1768 from the Philippines. ) The missionary work was also interrupted by the Philippine Revolution when the Jesuits either fled or were imprisoned by revolutionaries.
During the American occupation, the lumbering became an important activity in Agusan del Sur. Many immigrants from the Visayas settled in the plains and urged the indigenous peoples back in the mountain regions.
The territory of Agusan del Sur was administered during the Spanish period as a part of the great province of Caraga. In 1860 it was transferred to the headquarters of Butuan, a district of the province of Surigao. 1914 was founded by the American government in the Philippines, the big province of Agusan.
This was divided on 17 June 1967 the Republic Act No. 4979 in the provinces of Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur. In January 1970, the municipality Prosperidad the seat of the provincial government allocated. The government center is located since then in its Baranggay Patin -ay.
Universities
Attractions
- The Gibong River
- The Binaba cases near Prosperidad
- The Bega Falls near Prosperidad
- The Tugonan cases near Prosperidad
- The Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary in the marshes of the Agusan
- The Mt Magdiwata in San Francisco
- The Mt Diwata hot & cold springs
- The nature park Andanan Watershed Forest Reserve