Bassia

Bassia prostrata, stems and leaves

The Radmelden ( Bassia ), sometimes also called Dorn Report, are a genus of the subfamily Camphorosmoideae within the family of Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). The approximately 20 species are originally native from the western Mediterranean to East Asia.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The Radmelden grow as annuals or perennial herbaceous plants, subshrubs with ascending or erect stems. Often the plant parts are hairy, rarely glabrous. The alternate arranged leaves are more or less sedentary. The simple leaf blades may have a flat or semi- terete in cross section and they are very variable shaped, entire.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers sit individually in spike -like inflorescences or together in the axil of the bracts. Bracteoles ( Brakteolen ) are missing. The inconspicuous, often almost spherical flowers are usually hermaphroditic, occasionally also occur purely female flowers. The perianth consists of five (rarely four) membranous, often hairy tepals, which are connected to each other in the lower half and together own the upper corner. There are five (rarely four) stamens present, protrude their oblong anthers from the flower. The egg-shaped ovary bears above a very short stylus with two filiform papillose scars.

Fruit and seeds

At the time the fruit bloom developing on the back usually wing-like or horn-shaped to thorn -like appendages. In the form of this appendage, the German generic name Radmelden (or thorn Report ) applies. Few species do not form a tag. The fruit is globose flat with membranous pericarp. It contains a horizontal (or occasionally vertical ) seeds with membranous, bald seed coat. The ring-shaped or horseshoe-shaped embryo surrounding the endosperm.

Chromosome number

The chromosome number is 2n = 18

Photosynthetic

The Radmelden are C4 plants with different " Kochioiden " types of leaf anatomy.

Occurrence and evolution

The natural distribution of the genus Radmelden ( Bassia ) extends from the western Mediterranean to East Asia. Some annual species have been introduced into other continents, such as North Europe, North America and South India. In Germany two species occur, the broom - Radmelde and the sand Radmelde. In Austria, in addition occurs to the two mentioned types for Germany on the shrub - Radmelde.

The Radmelden species inhabit dry steppes and semi-deserts, some species growing on ruderal or salty soils. They thrive in lowland areas in subalpine altitudinal zones.

According to phylogenetic studies of Kadereit & Freitag (2011) the genus Bassia originated in the Miocene.

Use

Several Radmelden species are valuable fodder plant with high protein content. In Asia, the broom - Radmelde ( Bassia scoparia ) is also used for human consumption. It can also be used with pollutants contaminated soils for phytoremediation on or disemboweled.

Some species are annuals Bassia places become the " weeds " in agriculture.

System

The first publication of the genus Bassia took place in 1766 by Carlo Allioni under the name Bassia aegyptiaca in Mélanges de Philosophie et de la Société Royale de Mathématique de Turin, 3, p 177, table 4 type species is Bassia muricata L. The genus name honors the Italian Bassia botanist Ferdinando Bassi ( 1710-1774 ). In his honor, was named a 1771 second genus, Bassia KDKönig ex L. (published in Linnaeus: Mantissa Plantarum, 2, 1771, 555, 563) from the family of Sapotaceae; so there was not this generic name twice, the later-described Sapotaceae genus in Illipe J.Koenig was renamed ex grass.

Synonyms of Bassia All. are Kochia Roth, Willemetia Maerklin, Echinopsilon ( Moq. ) Hook. f, Chenoleioides ( Ulbr. ) Botsch. , Kirilowia Bunge, Londesia fish. & C.A.Mey. and Panderia fish. & C.A.Mey.

The genus belongs to Bassia Bassia / Camphorosma clade in the tribe Camphorosmeae within the subfamily Camphorosmoideae the family of Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). Previously, she was one of the Gänsefußgewächsen ( Chenopodiaceae ), these are now included in the fox tail plants.

The genus comprises about 20 species Bassia:

• Bassia aegyptiaca Turki. et al. (nom. illeg. ) The identity of these halbstrauchigen way from northern Egypt is unclear.
• Bassia angustifolia ( Turcz. ) Friday & G.Kadereit ( Syn: Kochia angustifolia ( Turcz. ) Peschkova ): It is an annual plant and comes in salt marshes of Central Asia from southern Siberia to eastern Mongolia ago.
• Bassia arabica ( Boiss. ) Maire & Weiller. ( Syn: Chenoleoides arabica ( Boiss. ) Botsch. ): It is a low shrub, which occurs from Morocco to Iraq.
• Bassia dinteri ( Botsch. ) AJScott ( Syn: Chenoleoides dinteri ( Botsch. ) Botsch. ): It is a shrub from southern Africa and grows in the Namib fog desert.
• Bassia eriophora ( Schrad. ) Asch. ( Syn: Londesia eriantha Fish & CAMey. . ): It is an annual plant and grows in extremely arid semi-desert from Egypt to southern Pakistan.
• Bassia hyssopifolia ( Pall. ) Kuntze. It is an annual plant and comes from Europe to Western China before.
• Bassia indica ( Wight ) AJScott ( Syn: Kochia indica Wight ): It is an annual plant and comes from Libya to India before.
• Sand Radmelde ( Bassia laniflora ( SGGmel. ) AJScott, Syn: Kochia laniflora (SG Gmel ) Borb. . ): It is an annual plant and spread from Central Europe to Eastern Siberia.
• Bassia lasiantha Friday & G.Kadereit ( Syn: Kirilowia eriantha Bunge): It is an annual plant and grows in steppes of Central Asia from western Kazakhstan to western China.
• Bassia littorea ( Makino ) Friday & G.Kadereit ( Syn: Kochia littorea ( Makino ) Makino ): It is an annual plant and is found in salt marshes in Korea and Japan.
• Bassia muricata (L.) Asch. It is an annual plant of the sandy deserts of Morocco to southern Iran.
• Bassia odontoptera ( Schrenk ) Friday & G.Kadereit ( Syn: Kochia odontoptera Schrenk, Kochia Iranica Bornm. ): It is an annual plant and comes from southern Iran to western China before.
• Bassia pilosa ( Fisch. & CAMey. ) Friday & G.Kadereit ( Syn: Panderia pilosa Fish & CAMey. . ): It is an annual plant and grows in disturbed sites of Turkey to western China.
• Subshrub - Radmelde ( Bassia prostrata (L.) AJScott, Syn: Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad. ): It is a subshrub and comes from Europe to China before.
• Bassia salsoloides ( Fenzl ) AJScott ( Syn: Kochia salsoloides Fenzl ): It grows as a shrub in the Nama Karoo of southern Africa.
• Broom Radmelde ( Bassia scoparia (L.) AJScott, Syn: Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. ): It is an annual plant. From Western Europe to East Asia it is native, introduced it also occurs in other continents.
• Bassia stellaris ( Moq. ) Bornm. ( Syn: Kochia stellaris Moq. ): It is an annual plant and comes from Iran to western China before.
• Bassia tianschanica ( Pavlov ) Friday & G.Kadereit ( Syn: Kochia tianschanica Pavl. ): It is a subshrub and distributed by the south-western Kazakhstan to western China.
• Bassia tomentosa ( Lowe ) Maire & Weiller ( Syn: Chenoleoides tomentosa ( Lowe ) Botsch. ): It is a lower semi- bush which grows in the Canary Islands and on the Atlantic coast of Morocco.
• Bassia villosissima ( Bong. & CAMey. ) Friday & G.Kadereit ( Syn: Kochia villosissima ( Bong. ) Serg. ): It is a shrub from the south-western Kazakhstan and spread to the western China.

Several species that were formerly Bassia or kochia, are now regarded as separate genera, see the main article Camphorosmeae.