Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
The district Breisgau in the Black Forest is located in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ). The district comprises 50 cities and towns with 133 districts. The circle itself is part of the Southern Upper Rhine region within the administrative district of Freiburg.
In the north, bordering the district of Breisgau - Black Forest to the county Emmen things, on the east by the Schwarzwald-Baar -Kreis, in the southeast of the district of Waldshut and on the southwest by the district of Lörrach. The Rhine forms the border in the west to Alsace (France). There, the Department is Haut-Rhin. The District Office is located in Freiburg im Breisgau: The city is almost completely surrounded by the district, but not part of this. In addition, the District Office maintains three offices in garbage home, Titisee- Neustadt and Breisach am Rhein.
With an area of 1378.3 square kilometers, the district Breisgau in the Black Forest is the sixth largest county in Baden- Württemberg. Approximately 131.0 square kilometers of which are housing and transport area (as of 1997). The county has an east-west direction, a stretch of 65 kilometers and 42 kilometers from north to south direction.
- 2.1 Population development
- 3.1 Kreistag
- 3.2 District
- 3.3 Coat of Arms
- 3.4 flag
- 4.1 theater
- 5.1 traffic 5.1.1 road
- 5.1.2 rail
- 5.1.3 sea and air transport
Geography
The district includes scenic different areas: in the upper Rhine valley are the Markgraeflerland the foothills, which connect to the north of the Breisgau with the emperor chair, the Tuniberg and the Nimberg. The Black Forest includes the open to the Rhine Rift valleys ( Glottertal, Dreisamtal valleys and Munster ), the Black Forest, with its highest peak, the Feldberg mountain and reaches up to the high level of Baar. Located in the district is the area of the urban district of Freiburg, which is almost completely surrounded by the district of Breisgau in the Black Forest. Only on its northern side, the urban district of Freiburg a three-kilometer long common border with the municipality Vörstetten and thus to Emmendingen.
Climate
The climate in the district is very different. With Ihringen as a place with the highest average annual temperature in Germany and the Feldberg summit is both the warmest and the coldest place in Baden -Württemberg in the district of Breisgau in the Black Forest. The climate is one of the county to the warmest regions in Germany: the average annual temperature is in the Rhine Valley at 11 ° C, the average rainfall is about 900 mm, the sunshine duration at about 1800 hours. In the Parish March was on 13 August 2003 at 40.2 ° C, the highest temperature ever measured in Germany registered ( and thus also the highest in the district ). This value is divided March yet with Gärmersdorf in Amberg, Freiburg and Karlsruhe.
History
Since the 8th century were formed on the territory of today's circuit, the county and the county Breisgau Baar out who belonged to the Duchy of Alemannia. From 1368 Breisgau passes into the possession of the House of Habsburg. In the Baar reign the Prince of Fürstenberg, while the area south of Freiburg ( Markgraeflerland ) comes into possession of the Margrave of Baden. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars comes the entire territory of present-day district of the Grand Duchy of Baden.
The district Breisgau in the Black Forest was formed by the district reform on 1 January 1973 mostly from the former districts of Freiburg, garbage home and the Black Forest ( based in Neustadt in the Black Forest ). Some communes of Freiburg were submitted to the county Emmen things. Other communities were incorporated into the district-free city of Freiburg. From the county garbage home was the north part of the new county and former district of the Black Forest also went some places to the district of Waldshut. Furthermore, a place by the county Donaueschingen came to the district, in exchange for a community to the Schwarzwald- Baar-Kreis was issued.
The three Altkreise 1939 were formed from the same office districts, which were then erected at the beginning of the 19th century still in greater numbers, when the area came to Baden. Throughout history, the municipalities have been changed several times until only the offices of Freiburg, garbage home, Neustadt in the Black Forest and Staufen was 1936. Staufen was divided between the offices of Freiburg and garbage home. The 1939 formed district of Neustadt was renamed in 1956 in the district of the Black Forest. After completion of the municipal reform of the district of Breisgau - Black Forest comprises 50 municipalities, including 10 cities. Large district towns there is not. Largest city 's garbage home, smallest municipality is Heuweiler. Recent town is Bad Krozingen (since 1 September 2005).
Population Development
The population figures are census results (1987 ) or official updates by the State Statistical Office of Baden- Württemberg ( only primary residences ).
Policy
Council
After the last council elections on 7 June 2009, the county council has 69 members. The turnout was 56.52 %. The election gave the following composition of the County Council:
1Freie Wählergemeinschaft Breisgau in the Black Forest
District
This is the legal representative and the representative of the district as well as Chairman of the County Council and its committees. He directs the district office and is an official of the circle. His area of responsibility includes the preparation of the district council meetings and its committees. He shall convene meetings, directs this and implements the decisions taken there. In the bodies he has no voting rights. His deputy is the first state officials.
The district councils of the district Freiburg 1945-1972:
The land of the district councils Black Forest 1945-1972 ( until 1956 Neustadt district ):
The district councils of the district Müllheim 1945-1972:
The district councils of the district Breisgau- Black Forest since 1973:
Coat of arms
Description: Split: front in red with a silver bar in the back of a red gold oblique beams; in the golden heart shield a black eagle
Meaning: The front part of the coat of arms recalls the historical affiliation of the Breisgau to Further Austria ( red-white- red), the rear part of the long -term affiliation with large parts of the circle area for Margraviate of Baden ( yellow-red- yellow). The eagle in the center comes from the coat of arms of the Dukes of Zahringen or counts of Freiburg and the Prince of Fürstenberg, who also ruled over parts of the area. In addition, the eagle is also part of the coat of arms of the town of Breisach am Rhein. The coat of arms was the new district of Breisgau - Black Forest awarded on August 2, 1974.
Coat of arms of Fürstenberger
Arms of the city of Breisach
Flag
The flag shall be flown as a banner hanging version, so upright. The colors are taken from the coat of arms and reflect the Baden and the front Austrian origin resist. This flag is used in this version since 15 March 1989. It is used only by the authorities and institutions of the district. There is a civilian version of this flag without the coat of arms. These may be used by the population. In many county flags of the districts of the former State of Baden, the colors are "red" and was "yellow" used as background. The old flag of Baden from 1871 to 1891 had a red and a yellow horizontal stripes.
Culture
Theater
The festival in Breisach am Rhein are the largest theater in the district of Breisgau- Black Forest. It offers June to September one year open-air productions.
Economy and infrastructure
Major industries are tourism, particularly through the thermal springs in Bad Krozingen and Badenweiler, and the wine in the Rhine valley. In addition, the Black Forest is a popular destination for winter sports enthusiasts and hikers.
Larger employers in the industrial sector are in Eisenbach ( Black Forest ) ( horology ) and Lenzkirch ( environmental measuring instruments).
Many workers commute to Freiburg ( Breisgau), which is almost completely surrounded by the district.
Traffic
Road
Through the district run from north to south two major highways, on the one hand, the Federal Highway 5 Karlsruhe - Basel and the main road 3 Karlsruhe - Basel. From Breisach in the West State Road 31 leads east into the Black Forest. The streets intersect in Freiburg im Breisgau.
Rail
The city of Freiburg has become an important railway junction in the Upper Rhine Plain. The first was the Baden State Railways with the Rhine Valley line Karlsruhe -Basel as the main axis, which was continued in 1845 by Offenburg far and two years later to trash home and 1855 to Basel.
From this route in 1878, two cross-connections over the Rhine were built in the time of his German Alsace:
- In the direction of Colmar in 1871 to Breisach opened from Freiburg distance and
- Towards a stretch of waste Mulhouse home about Neuchâtel.
In 1887, the outgoing of Freiburg Höllentalbahn reached Neustadt in the Black Forest and 1901 Donaueschingen on Loeffingen. Then there was 1907, near Neustadt branching off from their branch line Kappel- Gutachbrücke -Lenz Kirch Bonn village. The 1926 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn commissioned in DreiSeenBahn Titisee- Seebrugg has in Feldberg- Barental in 967 m above sea level the highest railway station in the network of Deutsche Bahn AG.
For today's network Südwestdeutsche traffic AG ( SWEG ) include the 1894/1895 opened by Baden Railway Consortium stretches of Kaiserstuhlbahn God Home Endingen chair and Breisach - Endingen that and also built in 1894 by Vering & Waechter route Bad Krozingen - Staufen- Sulzburg the branching in Staufen Munster train - came in 1916 under the direction of the German railway operating company.
A special feature presented the Opened in 1896 by the garbage home Badenweiler Eisenbahn AG narrow- gauge railway, which in 1914 converted to a tram- like electric car.
The railway network comprised now 208 km distances. Of these, now 26 km were shut down:
The cross-border route Müllheim-Neuenburg-Mülhausen/Elsass (pro rata 4 km, electrical equipment ) has not been driven for several decades in the German section of scheduled passenger trains.
The district Breisgau in the Black Forest, has in common with the northern neighboring county Emmendingen and the city of Freiburg at the end of the 1980s, the regional transport association Freiburg ( RVF ) together ( public transport ). With the so-called regional map was introduced was the first time a uniform monthly pass for the whole area. The passenger train services on the route Freiburg- Breisach be provided by the Breisgau- S- Bahn GmbH since 1997, the re-tendering of almost all passenger transport services on the railway lines in the district as well as their full electrification is provided in the next few years.
Sea and air transport
The only port of the district is located in Breisach am Rhein.
The district Breisgau in the Black Forest is located in the catchment area of the Euro -Airport Basel -Mulhouse- Freiburg.
County facilities
The district Breisgau in the Black Forest has been awarded the following schools:
- Albert -Schweitzer -Gymnasium Gundelfingen
- Faust -Gymnasium Staufen im Breisgau
- District Gymnasium Bad Krozingen
- Circle High School Black Forest in Titisee -Neustadt
- Circle High School Neuchâtel
- Marie- Curie -Gymnasium Kirchzarten
- Markgraefler school waste home
- Martin Schongauer -Gymnasium Breisach
He is also a carrier of the following professional schools:
- Georg- Kerschensteinerschule School ( Commercial and House Economical - Social work with technical school gymnasium ) Waste Home
- Trade School Breisach am Rhein with boarding
- Hans -Thoma -Schule ( Commercial, Domestic and Commercial School ) Titisee -Neustadt
- Commercial waste home school (including a commercial high school )
- Technical College of Agriculture Freiburg with boarding, also the special school Malteserschloss school for mentally handicapped Heiterheim.
Together with the city of Freiburg im Breisgau is the district of Breisgau - Black Forest also support the Edith Stein School ( Home Economics, Social work and Agricultural School ) Freiburg im Breisgau, a special school for mentally handicapped Günterstal in Freiburg im Breisgau, the Richard Mittermaierstrasse School of mentally handicapped Freiburg and the School of speech-Impaired Freiburg im Breisgau.
Until 1998 the district of Breisgau - Black Forest was carrier of the three district hospitals Breisach am Rhein, garbage (Baden ) and Titisee -Neustadt. Then these clinics were handed over to the sponsorship of the Helios Kliniken GmbH, based in Fulda. The county is represented in the supervisory board of that company.
Cities and Towns
(Population at 31 December 2012)
Cities
Communities
Agreed administrative communities and local government associations
Others
The motor vehicle license FR are for the district of Breisgau in the Black Forest, the number groups, group I ( A 1 to Z 999 and AA 1 to ZZ 99, except for the letters B, F, G, I, O, Q), the group IIIa ( A to Z 1000 9999) and the group IIIb ( AA to MZ 9999) assigned in 1000. The remaining number of the license plate groups are associated with the urban district of Freiburg im Breisgau.