Burkholderiaceae
Burkholderia pseudomallei on an agar plate in a Petri dish
The Burkholderiaceae are a bacteria family, which belongs to the order Burkholderiales. Based on 16S rRNA analysis here regarding ecology and metabolic pathway were highly summarized different bacteria. There are obligately aerobic and facultative anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic and chemolithotrophic species present. The members are, like all Proteobacteria, gram - negative. The cells are usually rod- shaped.
Ecology
Genera of this family inhabit a wide range of different habitats. Pandoraea was found for example in soil, water and mud. Also in the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis to ( CF ) patients, it happens. Lautropia was found in the oral cavity of humans, Cupriavidus and Paucimonas in the soil. In general, they are by polar or peritrichous flagella arranged movable ( motile ). Exceptions are: various types of Burkholderia ( Burkholderia mallei, for example ), and Lautropia Polynucleobacter Necessarius, these bacteria can not actively move. The type Ralstonia solanacearum is not always flagella.
Some species are among the Denitrifizierern, the bacteria are capable of nitrate respiration. This is a form of anaerobic respiration, rather than oxygen functions nitrate as an electron acceptor. This includes, inter alia, Ralstonia eutropha type ( syn: Alcaligenes eutrophus ). Also, nitrogen-fixing bacteria are present in this family, such as Burkholderia vietnamiensis
Thermothrix azorensis is thermophilic and autotrophic (more precisely: chemolithoautotrophically ), it is to win in the layer of inorganic compounds energy. As the carbon source is carbon dioxide. Growth takes place at temperatures from 63 to 86 degrees C.
Polynucleobacter is an endosymbiont of different species of Euplotes, a genus of ciliates ( Ciliophora ).
Pathogenicity
Some species are pathogenic (disease- causing) for plants, animals and humans. The type Burkholderia mallei (synonym: Actinobacillus mallei Pseudomonas mallei ) is the causative agent of glanders ( Malleus ) in horses, camels, dogs. The melioidosis, an infectious disease in humans is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Ralstonia solanacearum is phytopathogenic especially in tropical regions. It causes up to 200 plant species, the so-called brown rot. Affected are here inter alia Potatoes, tobacco and other species of the family Solanaceae family (Solanaceae ), hence the name of the bacterium. It is very important for agriculture. The genome of Ralstonia solanacearum was completely sequenced in 2002.
System
Genera of the family are:
- Burkholderia Yabuuchi et al. 1993 emend. Gillis et al. 1995
- Chitinimonas Chang et al. 2004
- Cupriavidus Makkar and Casida 1987 emend. Vandamme and Coenye 2004
- Lautropia Gerner -Smidt et al. 1995
- Limnobacter Spring et al. 2001
- Pandoraea Coenye et al. 2000
- Paucimonas Jendrossek 2001
- Polynucleobacter Heckmann and Schmidt 1987
- Ralstonia Yabuuchi et al. 1996
- Thermothrix Caldwell et al. 1981