Proteobacteria

Citrobacter freundii (secondary electron micrograph )

The Proteobacteria are one of the larger than departments or strains ( within the meaning of phylum ) respected groups of the domain Bacteria dar. They include many important nitrogen-fixing bacteria and pathogens. Like all bacteria also possess the Proteobacteria no nucleus.

The name is derived from Proteobacteria Greek god Proteus, who could change his form, and refers to the variety of forms in this group. It is therefore not morphologically, but very well defined by related RNA sequences. The cell walls of the Proteobacteria in particular consist of one to wenigschichtigem murein and lipopolysaccharide, therefore they are gram negative. Many types possess flagella, and others are able to slide.

Some sub- groups such as the Rhodospirillaceae ( purple bacteria ) and Chromatiaceae ( sulfur purple bacteria ) are able to operate under anoxic conditions anoxygenic photosynthesis. Use for organic substances, hydrogen sulfide, or hydrogen as an electron donor and, therefore, do not produce elemental oxygen.

The subgroup of Myxobacteria is so far the only known group of proteobacteria in the transition between unicellular and multicellular life field. Myxobacteria form multicellular fruiting body with spores, a convergence to the slime molds.

The Proteobacteria are divided into five main groups, which are considered as a class, and get the Greek letters Alpha to Epsilon as a prefix: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria Epsilonproteobacteria. Some may be regarded as paraphyletic.

The mitochondria of eukaryotes, all living beings with a nucleus, may have been made from endosymbiotic proteobacteria ( See: Endosymbiontenhypothese ).

System

The following are some important orders, families and genera of the five classes of Proteobacteria are listed.

  • Class I. " Alphaproteobacteria " Rules I. Rhodospirillales Family I. Rhodospirillaceae (non sulfur purple bacteria processing )
  • Family II " Acetobacteriaceae, Acetobacteraceae; " triv. Acetic acid bacteria ( vinegar)
  • I. Family Rhizobiaceae Genus I. Rhizobium
  • Class III. " Gammaproteobacteria " Rules I. " Chromatiales " Family I. Chromatiaceae ( triv. sulfur purple bacteria )
  • Family II Ectothiorhodospiraceae
  • Family I. Thiotrichaceae Genus VII Thiomargarita
  • Family Enterobacteriaceae I. I. Genus Escherichia
  • Genus Citrobacter X.
  • Genus XXVIII. Proteus
  • Genus XXXII. Salmonella
  • Family I. Alcanivoracaceae
  • Family II Hahellaceae
  • Family III. Halomonadaceae I. Genus Halomonas
  • Class IV Deltaproteobacteria Rules I. Desulfovibrionales Family I. Desulfovibrionaceae genus Desulfovibrio
  • Class V. Epsilonproteobacteria Family I. Campylobacteraceae genus Campylobacter
Organism Peptidoglycan Symbiosis Rickettsiales Rhizobiales Purple sulfur bacteria Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Thiotrichales Moraxellaceae Oceanospirillales
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