Emergency tow vessel

A Notschleppkonzept is a plan to ensure the timely arrival of powerful salvage tug a damaged boat before it gets into a situation from which a towing free or only at the cost of severe environmental damage is possible. Such concepts are usually developed by government agencies. Often contain such concepts except requirements for intervention times and size classes of tugs also further specifications, such as places of refuge and measures to support units from the mainland. Due to the preparation of such plans state-run or sponsored Notschleppkapazitäten with specialized units ( emergency tugs ) were set up in many countries. Often the construction of new government vessels (eg Coast Guard ) are planned as a multi- functional units with Emergency towing and rescue skills. Even in countries where such state -supported concepts do not exist, there are often Notschleppkapazitäten private companies, as these tow jobs can be lucrative. However, it is not guaranteed in these countries, that at any time all sea areas are equipped with sufficient capacity, possibly because private companies are only interested in certain regions with high probability of occurrence of an accident.

  • 4.1 Australia
  • 4.2 Algeria
  • 4.3 China
  • 4.4 France
  • 4.5 United Kingdom
  • 4.6 India
  • 4.7 The Netherlands
  • 4.8 Norway
  • 4.9 Russia
  • 4:10 Spain
  • 4:11 Sweden
  • 4:12 USA

Rescue tug

As a rescue tug (English: Emergency TowingVessel - ETV ) refers to a salvage tug or a suitably equipped multipurpose ship - usually operated officially or in a governmental contract - to avert a danger to people, the environment or the safety and efficiency of navigation NUC or disabled can spend vessels to a safe place or hold them against wind and current or controlled drift away, to commercial towage accept the damaged vessel or its maneuverability is restored. Furthermore, to rescue tug requirements for accommodating larger groups Castaway, fire extinguishing capacity, provided operation in hazardous environments, etc.. The limit for commercial salvage tugs is fluid; sometimes privately operated tugs are additionally supported by a State in order to ensure Notschleppkapazitäten can. In other countries, Notschleppkapazitäten are mainly provided by the Navy. Many of the newer existing ETV are built according to a proposal by several Rolls Royce basic designs.

German Notschleppkonzept

The German Notschleppkonzept looks for each scene of an emergency at sea in the German district a maximum intervention time of two hours ago. This requires three in the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, despite a significantly lower area the five tugs. Required equipment and performance of the tractor are adjusted to the size of ships in the respective area of ​​application. In order to be able to operate close to shore, maximum drafts are set for each station. Furthermore, depending a ship with at least 200 t and 100 t bollard pull in the North and Baltic stationed to handle the established assessment ships safely. These are, at wind force 9, gusts 11, the North Sea, a 13,000 TEU container ship (about the Emma Mærsk - class) and in the Baltic Sea, a 135,000 - dwt tanker. A bollard pull of 200 tonnes can be achieved economically only with a higher depth than the required for the North Sea maximum of 6 m. Therefore this ship, the Nordic, a high-fiber variable depth, the Baltic Sea ship Baltic needs requires, however, because of the wintry ice of the Baltic Sea a higher ice class. For towing of damaged tankers with a corresponding charge both ships can also be used in hazardous areas.

Four of the eight vehicles are multipurpose ships of the Waterways and Shipping Administration of the Federation. Another four are chartered, one of the tugs and ferry company Kiel, three of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft coastal protection, to have several German salvage company, also to ensure the required reserve capacity together. The consortium operates with Nordic and Baltic each most powerful tug in both seas and also two on the Nordic ago Norderney and in Warnemünde, held before boarding team to crew evacuated vessels. While the charter tugs are continuously available, the multi-purpose vessels obtain their Notschleppstationen only from wind force 8 year charter costs for the tractor in 2005 amounted to around 15 million euros.

Since 2001, an agreement with the Netherlands for mutual support. This affects the Dutch tug Ievoli Black (until 2009: Waker ) and the Nordic. To ensure the opportunity to teach ships in distress to a place of refuge, the federal government in 2005 has also signed with the five coastal states of an agreement.

The chartered rescue tug used by the Waterways and Shipping Directorates North and Northwest as the government-owned multi-purpose vessels. In the case of a complex situation can also damage the CCME in Cuxhaven recourse to the rescue tug.

Unlike in some other countries, the German Notschleppkonzept provides no fixed places of refuge; However, there are at Havariekommando a list of candidate berths, which can be assigned in case of need.

Notschlepperstationen

Development of Notschleppsystems in Germany

Due to a continued decline in shipping accidents, the salvage company in the 1970s reduced their towing capacity. In the 1980s, commercial ocean-going tugs were hardly economical to operate, reliable availability was no longer guaranteed in the German Bight. In response to this development was the Waterways and Shipping Administration with the multi-purpose vessel Mellum first time in 1984 in a vehicle with significant emergency towing service. The expansion of the German territorial sea and the establishment of an exclusive economic zone on 1 January 1995 and the lack of reserve for Mellum were more reasons to put a second ship in service. In September 1995, a planned longer stay, the shipyard Mellum was first chartered in the short term also referred to as multi-purpose vessel in this context, offshore supply Manta occasion. In the tender for a long- term charter, the sinking of the oil tanker Sea Empress was in February 1996 against Great Britain, in which the boundaries of the tractor used were apparently what led to a review of the tender conditions. Finally, as the design ship set a 250,000 - dwt tanker chartered recently as 1996, the tug Oceanic. The ready posture of towing capacity, however, was only intended for the German Bight, not for the Baltic Sea, and after 1998 of commissioning of the new multi-purpose vessel Neuwerk, with the concept of Mellum was continued and extended the charter to expire.

In October / November 1998 came to the North Frisian coast to the sinking of the cargo ship Pallas, when several drag attempts failed with the participation of Neuwerk, Mellum and Oceanic. In the final stranding of the ship in the National Park Schleswig -Holstein Wadden Sea beaches have been contaminated in Amrum and Foehr with heavy oil, about 16,000 birds have died. The great public attention for those damages that were caused by a ship without any particular risk potential weaknesses in security at sea and made ​​apparently led to a fundamental reassessment. One appointed by the Federal Minister for Transport Independent Commission of Experts presented on 16 February 2000 in addition to general organizational deficiencies equipment shortcomings of Notschleppdienstes fixed. In the Baltic Sea there also was no sufficiently powerful tractor.

Then the new Notschleppkonzept was developed based on extensive scientific advice. The requirements could initially only be partially achieved by existing vehicles and those available on the market tractors. The concept could be implemented only gradually with the additional chartering accordingly starting from 2001. The Scharhörn and still present at this time in planning, which entered service in 2005, Arkona were equipped with Notschleppfähigkeiten. Following a Europe- wide tender for the corresponding 10 - year charter contracts in 2009 finally went also the two large new vehicles under construction. Which is based on the design of the Spanish Luz de Mar Baltic sparked the end of September 2010, the station Warnemünde the 65 -ton tug Fairplay -26 from the Nordic New Year's Eve 2010/2011 on the station Norderney the tug Oceanic.

Notschleppsysteme in other countries

Australia

Since 2006, Australia has a Notschleppkonzept, which is part of the concept adopted in 2008 Emergencies National Maritime Emergency Response Arrangement ( NMERA ) is. Part of the concept are mostly tug of private companies that are located in Australian ports. A specialized ship is provided only for the most vulnerable Northeast quadrant of the Australian sea area:

  • Pacific Responder, Basic Cairns, modified anchor handling tug, 82 tons bollard pull, area of ​​operation Torres Strait and Great Barrier Reef

Algeria

After November 2004, the freighter Béchar wrecked and effective assistance obviously failed before the Algerian coast lack of suitable vessels, Algeria has ordered t bollard pull and general SAR equipment in 2010, three rescue tug with 200 on the Rolls- Royce design UT 515 CD based and the French Abeille Bourbon and her sister ship are very similar. The first new building (on the STX shipyard built in Brattvaag ) was passed in March 2012 and given the name El Moundijd. The ships are operated by the Algerian Navy. Algeria thus represents together with France and Spain from 2012 the latest Notschleppeinheiten in the Mediterranean.

China

In China, the China Rescue and Salvage of Ministry of Transport of the People 's Republic of China ( CRS) Notschleppkapazitäten stops in front. There are three stations, Yantai, Shanghai and Guangzhou Salvage. The CRS stations together have about 40 larger and smaller tractors, not all of which are suitable as a rescue tug, but also two units with the 200t bollard pull. In some cases, these are chartered to tug belonging to the AP Møller Mærsk - group tug company Svitzer - CoESS

A selection:

  • De Da, 220t bollard pull, the Shanghai location, chartered by Svitzer - CoESS
  • De Hong, 185T bollard pull, the Shanghai location, chartered by Svitzer - CoESS
  • DE YI, 122t bollard pull, Shanghai location
  • De Hui, 207t bollard pull, Guangzhou location
  • De Yue, 196T bollard pull, Guangzhou location
  • SUI JIU 201, 88t bollard pull, Guangzhou location
  • De Jia, MPV, 173T bollard pull, location Yantai
  • De Mei, MPV, bollard pull of 187t, location Yantai

France

In France, there are five ocean-going rescue tug specialized company the shipping company Abeille International:

  • Abeille Bourbon, base Brest, 200 tons bollard pull,
  • Abeille Liberté, based Cherbourg, 200 tons bollard pull,
  • Abeille Flandre, base Toulon, 160 tons bollard pull,
  • Abeille Languedoc, based La Rochelle, 160 tons bollard pull,
  • Jason, base Toulon, 124 tons bollard pull

The Abeille Bourbon and Abeille Liberté based on the Rolls- Royce UT515 design and in 2005 by the Myklebust shipyard, which for Kleven Maritime - Group is built. The older Abeille Flandre (ex Neptune Suecia ) and Abeille Languedoc (ex Neptune Gothia ) based on the Rolls- Royce UT 507 design and built by Ulstein Hatlo A / S 1977/78.

Great Britain

Britain has developed after the wreck of the Braer before the Shetlands in 1993 a Notschleppkonzept, which was in force since 1995. Under this concept, three ETV were first chartered in 1995, each with about 100 t bollard pull:

  • Brodopas Moon
  • Far Turbot
  • Far Minara

Since 2002/2003 four specially designed for this use ETV were then in use by the end of 2011:

  • Anglian Monarch, 152 t bollard pull
  • Anglian Prince, 170 tons bollard pull
  • Anglian Princess, 180 tons bollard pull
  • Anglian Sovereign, 180 tons bollard pull

The annual costs were estimated in 2007 at 12 million pounds. Since the beginning of 2012 was for a few months only the Anglian Sovereign after the other positions had been abandoned for reasons of cost for the sea area of Orkney and Shetland in use.

The government explained that the salvage of ships " should a transaction between the shipowner and the salvage company " be and reproaching Notschleppkapazitäten stelle " not a correct use of taxpayers' money " dar. At the Scottish North and West coast but were in 2012 again two tugs for emergencies stationed. In a report to Notschleppkonzept from 2008 had emphasized the need for the continued provision of Notschleppkapazitäten.

India

The Indian Coast Guard ( ISCG ) has three multi-purpose vessels ordered based on the Rolls- Royce design UT517, which are called Samudra class and will be built by the Indian ABG Shipyard. The first ship was commissioned in 2010.

  • ICGS Samudra Prahari, bollard pull unknown

Netherlands

In the Netherlands is held for Notschleppzwecke a rescue tug chartered since 1995 ( as a result of the Braer disaster - off the Shetland Islands to the creation of a corresponding concept in 1994). In concept, the safe handling of a VLCC oil tanker, that is, a 200,000 -ton vessel, demanded in a heavy storm. By 2010, the ship was used with 118 tons bollard pull of Walker (the former solo by Greenpeace). The Waker suffered in 2009 a total loss by fire engine and in 2010 was replaced by the new building Ievoli Black with a bollard pull of 120 tonnes. The tractor is ready for use at the port of Den Helder and installed wind force 5 to a position in front of the Dutch islands. Is bereedert the ship Svitzer Wijsmuller. Furthermore, there are cooperation agreements between the Netherlands and Germany, which also provides for the use of the Nordic for accidents in Dutch waters.

  • Ievoli Black, 123 t bollard pull

Norway

On the Norwegian coast operate for the Norwegian " Kystverket " ( Norwegian Coastal Administration, not identical with the Kystvakt ) five chartered ships as rescue tug in three different zones: " Sone Nord" ( North and North-West Norway), " Sone Vest " (Bergen / Alesund ), " Sone Sor " ( Kristiansand ). The operations center for all sea areas is the VTS center Vardo. (: Harstad, Bergen, Sortland currently 3 vessels) of the Norwegian Kystvakt also designed for Notschleppsituationen Furthermore, the multi-purpose Coast Guard units of the Barentshav - class.

  • Sone North:
  • 144t NSO Crusader, bollard pull
  • 150t Normand Jarl, bollard pull
  • 118t Beta, bollard pull
  • Sone Vest:
  • 75t BB Ocean, bollard pull
  • Sone Sør:
  • 65t BB Connector, bollard pull
  • Units of the Coast Guard:
  • KV Harstad, based Fosnavåg / Western Norway, a bollard pull of 100t, ice class 1C
  • KV Bergen, base? , Bollard pull of 100t, ice class 1C
  • KV Barentshav, based Sortland / Northern Norway, 100t bollard pull, ice class 1C

Russia

The Russian Navy maintains three salvage and rescue tug, the various units are assigned:

  • SB -406 ( launched 1984), 88th Brigade rescue ship in Polyarny
  • Shakhtar ( Launched in 1985 as SB -922 )
  • SB -921 ( launched 1985), used in July 2012 in the Gulf of Aden

Spain

The Sociedad de Seguridad y Salvamento Maritima, which reports to the Ministry of Economy, Public Works and Reconstruction, operates a total of 14 rescue tug and multi-purpose vessels on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, most of them owned by the state, but some are chartered. Two of the tugs have a bollard pull of over 220 tons.

Specifically, these are:

  • ETV / ETV specialized
  • Don Inda - 228 t bollard pull, area of ​​operation Galicia
  • Clara Campoamor - 228 t bollard pull, surgical area Western Mediterranean
  • Luz de Mar - 128 t bollard pull, surgical area Strait of Gibraltar
  • Miguel de Cervantes - 128 t bollard pull, area of ​​operation Canary Islands
  • Salvage tug
  • SAR multi-purpose vessels

Sweden

The Swedish Coast Guard has three multi-purpose vessels of the same type that are kept as rescue tug. These were built in Romania by the ladies shipyard group and were taken from 2009 to 2010 in operation.

  • KBV 001 Poseidon, stationed in Gothenburg - 100 t bollard pull
  • KBV 002 Triton, stationed in Slite on Gotland - 100 t bollard pull
  • KBV 009 Amfitrite, stationed in Karlskrona - 100 t bollard pull

USA

In the United States of America Notschleppkapazitäten both of the Navy ( the Navy Fleet Ocean Tugs of the Powhatan - class, manned by civilian crews, supplemented by marine radio operator ) as also provided by private contractors, the latter, however, unlike in many countries on a purely private sector basis, ie without the help of the state. After the terrorist attacks of 2001, the demand of up to ten additional powerful emergency tugs with a bollard pull of 100 tonnes was identified by a commission. An implementation has apparently not yet taken place.

  • Rescue tug the Navy ( Powhatan - class ), if still in service:
  • USNS Catawba (T- ATF -168 ), a bollard pull of 54 tonnes
  • USNS Navajo (T- ATF -169 ), a bollard pull of 54 tonnes
  • USNS Sioux (T- ATF -171 ), a bollard pull of 54 tonnes
  • USNS Apache (T- ATF -172 ), a bollard pull of 54 tonnes
  • As a rescue tug deployable units of private companies (for example):
  • Ocean Class tugs, 4 units, Crowley Marine Corporation, a bollard pull of 165 U.S. tons (150 metric tons)

Swell

Baltic (tug) Nordic (tug) MV Sea Empress Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park MV Braer Damen Group Powhatan-class fleet ocean tug
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