Filago (genus)

Acker Cudweed ( Filago arvensis)

The Filzkräuter ( Filago ) are a genus of flowering plants from the sunflower family ( Asteraceae).

Description

Filago types are always annual herbaceous plants. They grow upright to creeping and reach depending on plant height between ( 1 ) 5 to 40 cm. In many species, all parts of the plant are hairy. The alternate and mostly distributed spirally on the stem arranged leaves are more or less sessile. The leaves are on the upper side more or less glabrous to hairy, lower side but still hairy, often gray-white tomentose or woolly. The ganzrandige to wavy leaf blade is spatulate, linear, lanceolate to more or less round, with or without an attached tip ( important determining feature of the species).

The cups are grouped in pairs, individually or in hanks to about 40 and arranged in racemose, paniculate or trugdoldigen total inflorescences. Bracts absent or there are an unequal to four available; with or without awns ( important determining feature of the species). The inflorescence floors are cylindrical to clavate and (rarely two -to) five to fifteen times higher as its diameter measures. There are chaff leaves present. In the flower heads standing outside in three to eight rows (12 to ) 27 to about 40 female, fertile flowers and in the middle (one or ) two to nine ( or eleven ) hermaphrodite, fertile flowers (in male flowers do not exist). The Kronröhren end in four to five corolla lobes.

The egg-shaped, brown achenes, which are formed from the outer petals often have no pappus that hold out the inner petals of a pappus (3 to ) 13 to 31 contiguous in a ring bristles.

Systematics and occurrence

The first publication of the genus Filago was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. The synonyms Gifola Cass., Gifolaria Pomel, and Oglifa Cass. are anagrams. The separation of the genus Logfia Cass. is also confirmed by new Molecular phylogenetic studies.

The genus belongs to the subtribe Filago Filagininae O.Hoffm. from the tribe Gnaphalieae ( Cass. ) Lecoq & Juillet in the subfamily herbaceous within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae).

Filago species are mainly in the Mediterranean ( North Africa and Southern Europe) and in Western Asia spread, they also occur in the rest of Europe and the Atlantic islands. Individual species in some regions of the world neophyte, partly aggressive invasive plants. They thrive in damp enough habitats in arid, semi-arid, Mediterranean, humid - temperate to subtropical areas.

The Filago species are relatively difficult to distinguish. Some species are quite rare and are in Germany, Austria and Switzerland are among the protected species on the " Red List ".

Today there are about 12 to 40 ( previously 23 to 46 species) in the genus Filzkräuter ( Filago ), which are divided into four subgenera:

  • Filago subg. Filago (syn. Evax Gaertn. , Gifola Cass., Evacopsis Pomel ) Filago abyssinica Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.
  • Filago aegaea Wagenitz
  • Filago anatolica ( Boiss. & Heldr. ) Chrtek & Holub
  • Filago arenaria ( Smoljan. ) Chrtek & Holub
  • Filago argentea ( Pomel ) Chrtek & Holub
  • Filago asterisciflora ( Lam.) Sweet
  • Filago Carpetana ( Lange) Chrtek & Holub
  • Filago congesta DC.
  • Filago contracta ( Boiss. ) Chrtek & Holub
  • Filago cretensis Gand.
  • Filago desertorum Pomel
  • Filago duriaei Long
  • Filago eriocephala cast.
  • Filago filaginoides ( Kar & Kiril. ) Wagenitz
  • Filago fuscescens Pomel
  • Filago gaditana (Pau) Andrés Sánchez & Galbany
  • Ordinary Cudweed or German Cudweed ( Filago germanica (L.) Huds, Syn: .. . Filago vulgaris Lam, nom illeg, Gifola germanica (L.) Dum, Gnaphalium L. anglicum. . )
  • Filago hurdwarica ( wall. ex DC. ) Wagenitz
  • Filago inexpectata Wagenitz
  • Filago lusitanica ( Samp. ) P.Silva
  • Yellowish or gray Cudweed Yellow Cudweed ( Filago lutescens Jord. )
  • Filago mareotica Delile
  • Filago micropodioides Long
  • Filago petro - ianii Rita & Dittrich
  • Filago prolifera Pomel
  • Dwarf Edelweiss ( Filago pygmaea L.)
  • Spatelblättriges Cudweed ( Filago pyramidata L.): type species of the genus Filago.
  • Filago ramosissima Long
  • Filago tyrrhenica Chrtek & Holub
  • Acker Cudweed ( Filago arvensis L., Syn Logfia arvensis (L.) Holub ): type species of the subgenus Oglifa.
  • Filago griffithii ( A. Gray ) Andrés Sánchez & Galbany (syn. Stylocline griffithii A. Gray )
  • Filago Wagenitz paradoxa, syn Logfia paradoxa ( Wagenitz ) Anderb.
  • Filago discolor ( DC.) Andrés Sánchez & Galbany (syn. Evacidium discolor ( DC.) Maire ). Type species of the subgenus Pseudevax.
  • Filago hispanica ( Degen & Hervier ) Chrtek & Holub
  • Filago crocidion ( Pomel ) Chrtek & Holub. Type species of the subgenus Crocidion.
  • Filago nevadensis ( Boiss. ) Wagenitz & Greuter
  • Filago aberrans Wagenitz (syn. Logfia aberrans ( Wagenitz ) Anderb. )
  • Filago cuneata Lojac.
  • Filago eriosphaera ( Boiss. & Heldr. ) Chrtek & Holub
  • Filago libyaca ( Alavi ) Greuter & Wagenitz
  • Filago longilanata ( Maire & Wilczek ) Greuter
  • Filago mauritanica ( Pomel ) Dobignard
  • Overlooked Cudweed ( Filago neglecta ( Soy. - Will. ) DC. , Syn Logfia neglecta ( Soy. - Will. ) Holub )
  • Filago obovata Pomel
  • Filago perpusilla ( Boiss. & Heldr. ) Chrtek & Holub
  • Filago wagenitziana mountain Meier

Were placed in the genus Logfia:

  • Logfia clementei ( Willk. ) Holub (syn. Filago clementei Willk. )
  • French Cudweed ( Logfia gallica (L.) Dumort. , Syn Filago gallica L.). Type species of the genus Logfia.
  • Small Cudweed ( Logfia minima ( Sm ) Dumort, Syn. Filago minima ( Sm ) Pers. )

And the following North American species:

  • Logfia arizonica ( A. Gray ) Holub (syn. Filago arizonica A. Gray )
  • Logfia filaginoides ( Hooker & Arnott ) Morefield (syn. Filago californica Nutt. )
  • Logfia depressa ( A. Gray ) Holub (syn. Filago depressa A. Gray )

No longer the genus also includes:

  • Achillea maritima (L.) Ehrend. & YP Guo (syn. Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmann. & Link, Filago maritima L.)
  • Leontopodium leontopodioides ( Willd.) Beauverd (syn. Filago leontopodioides Willd. )

Swell

  • James D. Morefield: Filago. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: unranked, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 ( Mutisieae - Anthemideae ), Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9, p 447, HTML version at efloras.org. (English )
  • Werner Greuter: Compositae (per parte majore ): Filago. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab - Straube ( Eds.): Compositae. Euro Med Plant Base - the information resource for Euro - Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006-2009, accessed on 19 July 2012.
Asteroideae Pappus (flower structure) Desert climate
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