Forget-me-not

Woodland forget-me -not (Myosotis sylvatica)

The forget -me-not (Myosotis ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae ( Boraginaceae ). Varieties of some species are used as ornamental plants. The name probably comes from a German legend from the Middle Ages, when the small plant asked God not to forget them. For the linguistic peculiarity of the forget -me-not the unbroken name transfer from the German part in numerous other languages ​​, such勿忘 我 不( Wu wàngwǒ bù ) in Chinese, or Forget- me-not in English where the language transfer by the English king Henry IV 's 1398 occupied.

  • 7.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The Forget -me-not species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants. The stems are usually extended. The aboveground plant parts are short- pubescent or glabrous. The change-constant leaves are entire, and usually hairy.

Generative characteristics, pollination and dispersal biology

The flowers are usually in paired coiling. You have no or few bracts. The flower stalk is elongated after flowering. The flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig with double perianth. The five sepals are fused bell-shaped or funnel-shaped. The cup is regularly fünfzipfelig and increases in some species after flowering time. The fivefold, mostly stalk dish-shaped, rarely bell - to funnel-shaped crown is fused at the base. The petals are blue to purple, rarely yellow, white or pink colored. The five pharyngeal scales are bald, yellow or white. The five stamens do not protrude like the style usually emerge from the corolla tube. The anthers are ovate to elliptic. The scar is capitate. The flowers are hermaphroditic and homogam usually. Some species also form all-female, gynodiözisch distributed flowers, that is, there are plants with hermaphrodite plants and with all female flowers. Pollinators are Diptera, Hymenoptera and butterflies. Self-pollination is possible. Many small-flowered species form selbstbefruchtende ( autogamous ) flowers.

The four sub- fruits of Klaus fruit are in outline broadly lanceolate to ovate, erect, more or less flattened and angular, as a rule. The surface of the fruit part is smooth and shiny, brownish, black or rarely greenish color. Sometimes a Elaiosom is formed. The spread of the fruit part is done through various mechanisms: the protruding hairy fruit cup can adhere to animals ( Epizoochorie ), the species with elaiosomes be spread by ants ( myrmecochory ). Rarely are endozoochory or spread by the wind ( Anemochorie ).

Dissemination

The genus Myosotis is widespread in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and North America. In South America, only Mysotis albiflora occurs in the far south.

Etymology

Myosotis is from the Greek meaning " mouse ear ". Already Pliny thus has a not clearly identified plant species described with mouse ear-like leaves. It is commonly believed that Carl Linnaeus, who gave his name to the genus, thereby oriented systematic point of view and looked reminiscent of mouse ears upon consideration of the forget-me- leaves. This thesis is disputed by botanists as Helmut Genaust because the leaves are distinctly spatulate shaped his opinion to linear and in no way reminiscent of mouse ears. Linnaeus must therefore have taken the name from the vernacular of another group of plants.

The German plant name " Forget Me Not " is attested since the 15th century. According to Friedrich Kluge, the name of an ancient tradition is clear: Because the blue flowers reminiscent of the eyes fresh people in love according to the popular belief, forget- me-nots were like away as love and fidelity evidence, mostly from the man to the woman. Hence the name Fridiles auga find in Old High German writings ( "Eye of the / of the Beloved " ) as a plant name. However, the name was " Forget Me Not " sooner rather for the species Veronica chamaedrys ( " germander speedwell " ) has been used. This was due to the rapid transience of flowers and their light cancel, which was compared with the men rumored infidelity. The other way round, as it was narrated that the flowers should remember the woman to her lover and her promised fidelity. Forget Me Nots and trophies were called in earlier times also " lobelia " ( now called the plant Lobelia erinus so ). Other common names are " Froschäuglein " and " Cat's Eye ", the latter in turn rather thinks the prize.

System

The valid first publication of the genus name Myosotis was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. Myosotis scorpioides L. lectotype is

The genus Myosotis belongs to the tribe Myosotideae in the subfamily Boraginoideae within the family Boraginaceae. There are about 50 Myosotis species of which occur in Europe 41 worldwide.

The occurring in Central Europe species are:

  • Alpine Forget- me-not (Myosotis alpestris FWSchmidt; including Myosotis ambigens ( BEGUINOT ) Gray)
  • Field forget- me-not (Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill )
  • Low- Lying Forget -me-not (Myosotis decumbens host): The home is Europe and North Africa.
  • Colorful forget-me -not (Myosotis discolor Pers. )
  • Lawn forget-me -not (Myosotis laxa clay, including Myosotis caespitosa { { person | CFSchultz } with Syn: Myosotis lusitanica Schuster. )
  • Hain Forget- me-not (Myosotis nemorosa Bess. )
  • Hill - me-not (Myosotis ramosissima Rochel ex Schult. )
  • Lake Constance forget- me-not (Myosotis rehsteineri Wartmann )
  • Marsh Forget- me-not (Myosotis scorpioides L., Syn: Myosotis palustris Hill ); with the subspecies: Großblütiges forget-me -not (Myosotis scorpioides subsp praecox ( Hülph. ) Dickoré, Syn. Myosotis praecox Hülph. )

The other occurring in Europe and the Mediterranean types are:

  • Myosotis amoena ( Rupr. ) Boiss. Home is Armenia, Georgia and Turkey.
  • Myosotis asiatica ( Vestergren ) Shishkin & Serg. Coming into Europe from Russia.
  • Myosotis atlantica Vestergren: The home is Morocco.
  • Myosotis azorica H.C. Watson: The home of the Azores.
  • Myosotis balbisiana Jordan: The home is Portugal, Spain and France.
  • Myosotis Cadmea Boiss. The home is Bulgaria, Greece, the former Yugoslavia and Turkey.
  • Myosotis congesta RJShuttlew. The home is Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Sicily, Crete, the Aegean Sea, North Africa and Western Asia.
  • Myosotis corsicana ( Fiori ) Gray: The home is Corsica.
  • Myosotis debilis Pomel: The home is Portugal, Spain, Algeria and Morocco.
  • Myosotis diminuta Riedl: It occurs in Turkey.
  • Myosotis gallica Vestergren: The home is France.
  • Myosotis heteropoda Trautv. It occurs in Armenia, Georgia and Turkey.
  • Myosotis incrassata cast. The home is Italy, Sicily, the Balkans, the Aegean Sea, Cyprus, Turkey and the Ukraine.
  • Myosotis lamottiana ( Br.-Bl. ) Gray: It occurs in the mountains of Spain and France
  • Myosotis latifolia Poiret: The home, the Azores, the Canary Islands and Algeria.
  • Myosotis Lazica M.Popov: The home is Georgia and Turkey,
  • Myosotis lithospermifolia ( Willd.) Hornem. It occurs in Armenia, Georgia, Turkey and Ukraine.
  • Myosotis litoralis Fischer: The home is Greece, Ukraine and Turkey.
  • Myosotis macrosiphon font cross & Maire: The home is Morocco and Western Asia.
  • Myosotis minutiflora Boiss. & Reuter: The home is Spain, France, Greece, Bulgaria and Ukraine.
  • Myosotis olympica Boiss. The home is Bulgaria and Turkey.
  • Myosotis persoonii Rouy: The home is Portugal and Spain.
  • Myosotis platyphylla Boiss. The home is Turkey.
  • Myosotis propinqua ( Turc. ) A.DC.: It occurs in Algeria, Armenia, Georgia and Turkey.
  • Myosotis pusilla Loisel. The home is Corsica, Sardinia, Algeria and Tunisia.
  • Myosotis refracta Boiss. It occurs in southern Europe, in the Aegean and in Asia Minor.
  • Myosotis ruscinonensis Rouy ( subsp as subspecies ruscinonensis ( Rouy ) O. Bolos & Vigo Myosotis ramosissima to put. ): The home is France.
  • Myosotis secunda A.Murray: The home is Southern Europe, Western Europe, Northwest Europe and the Mediterranean to North Africa, to Madeira, the Azores and the Middle East.
  • Myosotis sicula cast. The home is Southern Europe and Western Asia.
  • Myosotis long Greuter & Zaffran: It is an endemic of Crete.
  • Myosotis soleirolii Godron: The home is Corsica and Sardinia.
  • Myosotis speluncicola ( Boiss. ) Rouy: It occurs in France, Italy, Croatia and Turkey.
  • Myosotis stolonifera ( DC.) Laresche & Levier: The home is Portugal, Spain and the UK.
  • Myosotis suaveolens Willd. The home is Croatia, Albania, Greece and Bulgaria.
  • Myosotis tuxeniana ( O.Bolós & Vigo) O.Bolós & Vigo: It occurs only in Spain.
  • Myosotis ucrainica Czern. The homeland is Ukraine, Armenia and Russia.
  • Myosotis welwitschii Boiss. & Reuter: The home is Portugal, Spain and Morocco.

Other types:

  • Myosotis australis R.Br.: The home is Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.
  • Myosotis bothriospermoides Kitagawa: The home is China ( Hebei ).
  • Myosotis cameroonensis Cheek & R. Becker: It occurs in Africa ( Cameroon).
  • Myosotis keniensis TCEFries: It occurs in Africa.
  • Myosotis krylovii Sergievskaja }: The home is Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and China ( Xinjiang ).
  • Myosotis robusta D.Don: It occurs in Nepal.
  • Myosotis verna Nutt. It occurs in North America.

Use

Varieties of some species are used as ornamental plant in parks and gardens. Until the 19th century was between the individual species did not differ in practice. Since the 16th century the arable Forget-Me- Not is always the marsh forget- me-not, rarely depicted. In the older writings, the Forget-Me- Not is always referred to as a wild plant. As a garden ornamental plant Forget Me Nots were grown from circa 1830 in England and Germany. The so-called garden Myosotis has its origin in the forest forget- me-not (Myosotis sylvatica). Since the second half of the 19th century, quite a few varieties originated.

Symbolism

  • The forget -me-not is a symbol of gentle memory and for farewell to love. The Forget-Me- Not wearing a name in many languages ​​with the same meaning. Often include appropriate legends to.
  • The forget -me-not was a symbol of Freemasonry in the era of National Socialism, wearing an official badge of any community was banned in the wake of the DC circuit by law. 1948, the Forget-Me- Not was supported by the United Grand Lodge of Germany as a Masonic emblem at the first Annual Meeting. Even today, this symbol is used by Freemasons.

Documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil - Fitschen interactive. CD -ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6.
  • Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl, Rudolf V. camel: Myosotis. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 16: Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9, pp. 360-361. , Online ( sections description and classification).
Asterids Henry IV of England Perennial plant Stigma (botany) Reproduction#Autogamy Seed dispersal#Wind Folk religion Agricultural Research Service JSTOR
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