Friedrich Rückert

Friedrich Rückert ( born May 16 1788 in Schweinfurt, † January 31, 1866 in Neuses (now part of Coburg ); pseudonym open mouth Raimar, Reimar or Reimer ) was a German poet, translator, and one of the founders of the German Oriental Studies. He is the namesake of the Friedrich- Rückert- price.

• 4.1 musical settings
• 4.2 portraits
• 4.3 monuments 4.3.1 Berlin
• 4.3.2 Neuses
• 4.3.3 Schweinfurt

• 6.1 Werkausgaben
• 6.2 Single

Life

1788-1818

Friedrich Rückert's father, Johann Adam Rueckert ( born January 3, 1763 in Black Brook, † December 30 1835 in Schweinfurt ), a rent officer, was transferred in 1792 after Oberlauringen in Lower Franconia. The impressions of his early youth spent there has shown memories from the childhood years of a village magistrate son in poetic and humorous genre paintings in the cycle in 1829 resulting Rückert.

After he had received at the Latin school in Schweinfurt academic training, he began in 1805 initially to study law at the University of Würzburg, but soon turned to 1809 exclusively to the study of philology and aesthetics. During this time he was also active in the Corps Franconia Wuerzburg. The family moved in 1809 after boars where Rückert was often in the coming decade to visit.

In 1810 he was included in Hildburghausen in the Masonic Lodge for Karl diamond ring. After working briefly in 1811 as a lecturer in Jena and a subsequent, also brief employment as a secondary school located Rückert withdrew for a while from all official activities and settled as a private scholar in Würzburg. In the following years he frequently changed his residence between Würzburg, Hildburghausen and the parents' house in boars.

Popular Rückert was first with his armed men sonnets which he wrote under the pseudonym free mouth Raimar against the Napoleonic occupation. These sonnets into four departments were published in 1814 without giving the publisher and place of publication.

1815 Rückert was at the suggestion of the Minister of Wangenheim to Stuttgart, where he took over the editorship of the poetic part of the morning Cotta sheet for educated stands, the wreath of Time ( 1817) and Napoleon, a political comedy in two pieces ( 1816-1818 ) made it seem. He toyed with the plan of a number of Hohenstaufenepopöen, which he later dropped, however.

In the fall of 1817 Rückert traveled to Italy, where he made contact with German artists used the majority of his time, who were in Rome. Since the stay in Italy Rückert was friends with the artist and engraver Carl Barth. The saying, "My dear friend and engraver " is a Rückert quote. In October 1818, he went to Vienna, where he learned Persian at Joseph von Hammer- Purgstall ( 1774-1856 ).

1819-1866

In February 1819 Rückert was back in boars. Until 1826, he lived as a private scholar primarily in boars and Coburg. During this time he worked on, among others, with partial translations of the Qur'an, the translation of the Hamasa of Abu Tamman ( 788-845 ) and the publication of his first major book of poetry Oestliche roses. The resultant with respect to the great Persian poet Hafiz poems appeared in 1822 in response to Goethe's West Rückerts - Eastern Divan.

In 1821 he moved to Neuses at Coburg into the house of the archivist fishermen. On December 26, 1821 he married his daughter Louise Wiethaus Fischer. The couple had ten children.

Rückert 1826 followed a reputation as a professor of Oriental languages ​​and literatures to Erlangen.

Shocking are his children Todt songs in which he 's early death (winter 1833/1834 ) laments his two favorite children.

King Frederick William IV of Prussia invited him to Berlin in 1841 and conferred him on May 31, 1842 the Prussian Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts. There he lived until 1848 with frequent interruptions, because he felt there was little at home. The king dismissed him and granted him for the rest of his life half his previous salary. From 1848 he chose his retirement home in Neuses at Coburg, where he owned a farm. There he created a refuge on the nearby Goldberg.

In the decades before and after the call to Berlin Rückert was equally productive, of which his house and annual songs testify. 1846 appeared after many years of preparatory work, the Hamasa.

Friedrich Rückert's grave is located next to the village church of Neuses.

His extensive estate is spread over several sites (eg, Münster, Schweinfurt, Erlangen, Berlin, Weimar).

Languages

Friedrich Rückert has the following 44 languages ​​translating, teaching or linguistic busy:

Afghan, Albanian, Old Church Slavonic, Arabic, Armenian, Ethiopic, Avestan, Azeri, Berber, Biblical Aramaic, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Gothic, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindustani, Italian, Kannada, Coptic, Kurdish, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malay, Malayalam, Maltese, Greek, Modern, Modern Persian, Pali, Portuguese, Prakrit, Russian, Samaritan, Sanskrit, Spanish, Swedish, Syriac, Tamil, Telugu, Tschagataisch, Turkish.

Awards

Rückert was also from 1832 and 1859 corresponding foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.

Afterlife

Musical settings

Very well known is the setting of the Kindertotenlieder and the Rückert Lieder by Gustav Mahler Five. As early as 1859 set to music the famous Robert Radecke From his youth, from youth.

Other composers, such as Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Clara Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Carl Loewe, Heinrich Kaspar Schmid, Richard Strauss and Felix Draeseke set texts by Rückert. The composer Heinrich Kaspar Schmid set to music in op 8 So I wander in thought for baritone and piano. The songs play the lute, or piano, Op 31 he set seven songs ( guardian, late and early, in spring, the nodding mother: Love in miniature; decoy; All love; autumn hint ). 1993 Anne Clark set to music several poems of Rückert ( among others I am lost to the world) in their album The law is an Anagram of Wealth.

Portraits

Portraits of Friedrich Rückert have made ​​, among others, Carl Barth, Bertha Froriep and Carl August Hohn Tree ( 1825-1867 ).

Monuments

There are several public monuments of the poet in the places of his life stations, eg in Coburg and Schweinfurt. The Fountain Memorial in Erlangen Castle Garden was built in 1904 in Art Nouveau style squat shapes.

Berlin

At the Berlin Kreuzberg is a Herme Rückerts to find that the Berlin sculptor Ferdinand Lepcke has pickled. The head of the poet is turned a little to the right. In his left hand he holds an open copybook, in the right a quill. At the foot of the pedestal is a lyre -playing putto. To the memory of Rückert was also the name of a street in Berlin -Köpenick dedicated (by 1892-1939 ). Since then it is called full-length Wendenschloß road.

Neuses

Already in 1844 the sculptor Carl Ernst Conrad from Hildburghausen in the Berlin Academy exhibition, the model of Friedrich Rückert- bust that came into the possession of the Bavarian king.

The court sculptor Ferdinand Müller from Meiningen created according to this model a larger than life bust in Carrara marble. Placed on a Syenitsockel, the poet in his garden to Neuses, later Rückert Park, such a monument was erected, which was unveiled on 28 October 1869.

Schweinfurt

In the birthplace of the poet, a memorial was unveiled at the marketplace on October 18, 1890, the Rückert is sitting in an armchair. At his feet lie two female figures standing as allegories for Rückert's poem cycles Geharnischte sonnets and the wisdom of the Brahmins.

The architectural components designed Prof. Friedrich Thiersch, the plastic parts are designed by sculptor Prof. William of Rümann. The bronze casting was carried out by the Munich Erzgießerei William Rupp.

(Information on the monuments from the Monument Central Register of the Prussian Memorial Institute eV )

Other honors

In many cities throughout Germany streets were named after Rückert, for example in Berlin, Bremen, [ Dusseldorf ], Munich and esp. in Berlin- Schöneberg, Rueckert- school bears his name and boars in the Friedrich- Rückert -Gymnasium.

Works (selection)

• Geharnischte sonnets [ under the pseudonym open mouth Raimar ], 1814 [ Heidelberg, Engelmann ].
• Wreath of time, Stuttgart 1817.
• Napoleon, a political comedy in two pieces, Stuttgart from 1816 to 1818.
• The metamorphoses of the Ebu silk of Serug or Makamen of Hariri, in free replica. Part 1 Stuttgart and Tübingen: Johann Friedrich Cotta in 1826.
• 2, completed edition, 2 vols, Stuttgart and Tübingen: Johann Friedrich Cotta 1837.

• Sage I- XIII Berlin: Reimer, 1890 LII, 439 pp.
• Sage XV -XIX Berlin: Reimer, 1894 X, 590 S.
• Sage XX -XXVI. In addition to an appendix: Rostem and Suhrab in Nibelungenmaß. Alexander and the philosopher. Reimer, Berlin 1895, xi 367 pp.

• Poems (Selection):

• Evening Song ( I stood on the mountain heap )
• From the little tree, the other leaves willed
• Childher ( Childher, the eternally young, voice )
• Autumn Songs 2 (heart, now so old and still not wise )
• From his youth, from youth
• Return with me a ( You are my rest, peace mild)
• All complaints avails not ( from the Kindertotenlieder )
• Midnight ( At midnight I 've watched )

Expenditure

In the 19th century, several selection issues have been published, which still have some significance as reading volumes. At the beginning of the 20th century some of his translations have been published from the estate.

Since 1998, the Historical- critical edition will be published in separate volumes.

Werkausgaben

• Friedrich Rückert works. Historical- critical edition. > Schweinfurt Edition <. Founded by Hans Wollschläger † and Rudolf Kreutner. Edited by Rudolf Kreutner, Claudia Vienna and Hartmut Bobzin. Göttingen: Wallenstein 1998ff; . so far 10 volumes in 13 separate volumes (as of October, 2013, sorted by the band numbers that indicate the emergence period, possibly with subsequent serial number ): Time poems and other texts of the 1813 bis 1816. Edited by Claudia Wiener and Rudolf Kreutner, 2009 ( = works 1813-1816.1 / 2).
• Poems of Rome, 2000 ( = works 1817-1818 ).
• Children Todt songs and other texts of the year 1834. Edited by Hans Wollschläger and Rudolf Kreutner, 2007 ( = works 1834).
• The wisdom of the Brahmins, 1998 ( = works 1835-1836.1 / 2).
• Songs diary I / II, 1846-1847, 2001 ( = works 1846-1847.1 ).
• Hamasa or the oldest Arabic folk songs, collected by Abu Temmam, translated and explained by Friedrich Rückert. Edited by Wolf Dietrich Fischer, 2004 ( = works 1846-1847.2 / 3).
• Songs Diary III / IV, 1848-1849, 2002 ( = works 1848-1849 ).
• Songs Diary V / VI, 1850-1851, 2003 ( = works 1850-1851.1 ).
• Saadi 's Bostan. Translated from the Persian by Friedrich Rückert. Edited by Jörn Steinberg, Jalal Rostami Gooran, Annemarie Schimmel and Peter Arnold Mumm, 2013 ( = works 1850-1851.2 ).
• Songs Diary VII- IX, 1852-1854, 2007 ( = works 1852-1854.1 ).

Single

• Hartmut Bobzin (ed.): The Koran, translated by Friedrich Rückert. 4th edition, Würzburg 2001.
• Friedrich Rückert: Firdosi 's Book of Kings ( Shahnameh ) Sage I- XIII. From the estate edited by E. A. Bayer. Reprint of the first edition. epubli, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86931-356-6. ( Details)
• Friedrich Rückert: Firdosi 's Book of Kings ( Shahnameh ) Sage XV -XIX. From the estate edited by E. A. Bayer. Reprint of the first edition. epubli Berlin, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86931-407-5. ( Details)
• Friedrich Rückert: Firdosi 's Book of Kings ( Shahnameh ) Sage XX -XXVI. From the estate edited by E. A. Bayer. Reprint of the first edition. epubli Berlin, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86931-555-3. ( Details)
• Friedrich Rückert: Rostem and Suhrab. A heroic story in 12 books. Reprint of the first edition. epubli, Berlin, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86931-571-3. ( Details)
• Friedrich Rückert: Rostam and Sohrab. Revision. Epubli, 2010 ISBN 978-3-86931-684-0. ( Details)
• Friedrich Rückert: Rostam and Sohrab. Edition eBook. Epubli, 2011 ISBN 978-3-86931-939-1. ( Details)
• Friedrich Rückert 's love spring. Frankfurt a M: Sauerland, btw 1861 and 1874 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Dusseldorf.
• Hans Wollschläger (ed. ): Children Todt songs. (1993 as island paperback 1545 )