Haji Bektash Veli
Haji Wali Bektash (Persian حاجی بکتاش ولی Haji Wali Baktāsch, Turkish spelling: Haci Bektas Veli ) was a Muslim mystic ( Sufi ) from Khurasan, who lived in the second half of the 13th century in Anatolia and worked. Wali or Veli is not part of the proper name, but an Islamic honorific meaning " friend ( Allah ) ". According to him, the Bektashi tariqa ( Bektashi dervish orders ) is named, which was not founded in all probability by himself.
About his life is not much known. Although it is well established that a person with this name exists and had a significant influence on the population of Anatolia. Everything else falls but mostly in the realm of legend. The mausoleum of Haji Bektashi Veli is located in Hacıbektaş in Turkey and is a place of pilgrimage for Alevis.
The main source for the life of Haji Bektash is the walayat - nama of the Turkish scholar Uzun Firdewsi from the late 15th century.
Origin
Haji Bektash (now Iran) was born in Nishapur in the west of Khorasan. After walayat - nama, he was the son of a certain Sayyid Muhammad bin Musa and, it is claimed, a great-grandson of Imam Musa al - Kazim, the seventh Imam of Twelvers. However, this is an obvious error of the author, because his statement is considered in time, impossible. It is also not detectable by other sources, whether it actually came from Nishapur. The name " Khorasan erenleri " (Turkish " the saints of Khorasan " ) was at the Turkmen nomads of Anatolia, a general title of honor for many mystics and religious scholars, because the ostpersische Khorasan was then a center of Islamic heyday. Looked at another way, the term is also simultaneously an indication that Haji Baktāsch probably actually came from Khorasan. According to the Encyclopædia Iranica, it is very likely that Haji Bektash is to the west into the realm of Rum - Seljuks, which had become a place of escape for Iranian scholars and saints, fled the Mongol invasion and therefore was of Iranian descent. (see also: Rumi, Attar )
According to legend, he was at the time of his escape to Anatolia, a forty -year-old dervish of Yesevi - Tariqa and the khalifa ( deputy) Yasawis Ahmad, the founder of the Order. But this assertion is considered impossible and time is rather to be regarded as a later innovation, which is to merge the two saints.
Credible, however, is the assumption that Haji Bektash has heard (executed in 1240 ) to the Qalandari Sufis Bābā Rasul - Allah Eliyās Chorāsānīs. This assumption is indirectly confirmed by early chronographs in the Mevlevi dervishes who described him as an anti- orthodox mystics with " Gnostic Illumination", which " sharia completely rejected " - properties that were very typical of ostpersische Qalandari mystics of that time..
History
Haji Bektash settled in Sulucakarahöyük (now Hacıbektaş, Nevsehir province ) down, possibly for the reason that there was at that time little tekkes. Sulucakarahöyük was a remote place, far from the centers of Anatolia, where the political process and a brisk trade took place.
Soon after his arrival, his fame as a spiritual leader. Attitude people helped him to systematize his teachings. A monastery was built and many students - mainly from the Turkmen nomadic tribes - gathered around him. Wanderne dervishes wore his teaching in villages and towns. One of the most famous among them was the sealing of the Bektashi dervish Tariqa, Yunus Emre (d. about 1321 ), who held the teachings of Haji Baktāsch in countless poems. Another no less famous pupil was the Persian poet and itinerant preacher Shams -e Tabrizi, who inspired this as a teacher and companion of Jalal ad-Din Rumi to his mystical poems.
Teaching and works
The only work that can be credibly attributed to Haji Bektash itself, which Maqālāt, Turkish as Küçük Vilayetnâme is known. It was published in Arabic.
The Turkish scholars Firdewsi collected the various stories about Haji Bektash and wrote the biography walayat Nama.
His thoughts were revolutionary in its time and was fascinated by people of different faiths.
Philosophy
Go to Haji Bektash Veli back hundreds of sayings that explain his philosophy and are handed down from Alevi Bektashi or:
Mausoleum and Sanctuary
The mausoleum of Haci Bektash Veli is located in the province of Nevsehir in Turkey and is a place of pilgrimage for Alevis. On August 16 of each year pilgrimage Alevis in the city named after him Hacıbektaş in Nevsehir and remember him.
Influence
Even today, the Alevis ( representing a Shiite -influenced faith and in addition to other Imams especially Ali, the cousin and son Muhammad worship ) " Alevi - Bektashi " call.